NUR 242 Exam One with verified
answers
What is pharmacology? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔study of drugs that alter functions of living
organisms
what is pharmacokinetics? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the study of how the drugs move within
the body to reach sites of action, metabolism, and excretion
What is absorption? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the process that occurs from the time the drug
enters the bloodstream. Onset of drug action is determined by rate.
What factors affect rate and extent of drug absorption? SATA - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS
**✔✔dosage, form, route
admin site blood flow, GI function
presence of food, other drugs
What is distribution? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔transport of drugs in the body
What carries drugs and where to? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔blood and tissue fluids to action
sites, metabolism sites, excretion sites
What affects distribution? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔protein binding: drugs bind to act as
carriers
blood-brain barrier: extremely small to cross
pregnancy - placenta
lactation - many drugs enter the breast milk
, what is metabolism? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the way the drugs are inactivated by the body
(cytochrome P-450 enzyme pathway)
what are drugs changed to when metabolized? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔inactive metabolites
active metabolites
pro drugs - drugs that are inactive until metabolized
where are drug metabolizing enzymes located - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔kidney, liver, RBCs,
plasma, lungs, GI mucosa
What are factors that affect metabolism? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔enzyme induction -
chronic administration promotes the liver to produce larger amounts of the enzyme and accelerates
metabolism
enzyme inhibition that occurs when two drugs are being given at the same time that utilize the same
enzyme
what is excretin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔elimination from the body
what is the margin of safety for a drug? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔therapeutic index of the
drug
what is required for excretion? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔adequate function of the circulatory
system, kidneys bowel, lungs, and skin
what is polypharmacy? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔taking multiple drugs; puts individuals at
risk for drug interactions
what does it make someone more susceptible to if they're 85 with kidney problems? - ** VERIFIED
ANSWERS **✔✔drug toxicity
what is a drugs "half life" - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the time it takes fo half of the drug to be
eliminated from the body
answers
What is pharmacology? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔study of drugs that alter functions of living
organisms
what is pharmacokinetics? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the study of how the drugs move within
the body to reach sites of action, metabolism, and excretion
What is absorption? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the process that occurs from the time the drug
enters the bloodstream. Onset of drug action is determined by rate.
What factors affect rate and extent of drug absorption? SATA - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS
**✔✔dosage, form, route
admin site blood flow, GI function
presence of food, other drugs
What is distribution? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔transport of drugs in the body
What carries drugs and where to? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔blood and tissue fluids to action
sites, metabolism sites, excretion sites
What affects distribution? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔protein binding: drugs bind to act as
carriers
blood-brain barrier: extremely small to cross
pregnancy - placenta
lactation - many drugs enter the breast milk
, what is metabolism? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the way the drugs are inactivated by the body
(cytochrome P-450 enzyme pathway)
what are drugs changed to when metabolized? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔inactive metabolites
active metabolites
pro drugs - drugs that are inactive until metabolized
where are drug metabolizing enzymes located - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔kidney, liver, RBCs,
plasma, lungs, GI mucosa
What are factors that affect metabolism? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔enzyme induction -
chronic administration promotes the liver to produce larger amounts of the enzyme and accelerates
metabolism
enzyme inhibition that occurs when two drugs are being given at the same time that utilize the same
enzyme
what is excretin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔elimination from the body
what is the margin of safety for a drug? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔therapeutic index of the
drug
what is required for excretion? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔adequate function of the circulatory
system, kidneys bowel, lungs, and skin
what is polypharmacy? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔taking multiple drugs; puts individuals at
risk for drug interactions
what does it make someone more susceptible to if they're 85 with kidney problems? - ** VERIFIED
ANSWERS **✔✔drug toxicity
what is a drugs "half life" - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the time it takes fo half of the drug to be
eliminated from the body
