©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 4:20PM
ANT100 MIDTERM Refined Exam
Questions And Solutions
what is anthropology - answers✔✔holistic study of human beings
what is evolutionary anthropology? - answers✔✔application of modern evolutionary theory
to studies of morphology, ecology, and behaviour of humans and non-human primates
5 sub-disciplines of evolutionary anthropology - answers✔✔primatology
paleoanthropology
human variation
medical anthropology
forensic anthropology
what is primatology - answers✔✔scientific study of non-human primates
how do evo-anthro conduct research? - answers✔✔through the scientific method
what is the scientific method - answers✔✔- state the problem
- gather info
- form a hypothesis
- test the hypothesis
- record and analyze
- state the conlc
- repeat the work until you draw the exact same conclusions
4 problems for evo-anthrpologists - answers✔✔- how old is the earth
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 4:20PM
- fixity of species
- lack of scientific method
- separate creation for humans and animals
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) - answers✔✔- father of modern taxonomy
- founded binomial nomenclature
- made descriptions based on physical resemblances, did not believe in evolution though
- placed humans in the same category as gorillas and chimps
binomial nomenclature - answers✔✔- Classification system in which each species is assigned
a two-part scientific name
- genus is capitalized and the species is always the lower case
georges-louis leclerc - answers✔✔-founded biogeography
- said why animals are found in some places and not in others
- had to recant all of it because of the church
jean baptiste lamarack - answers✔✔- inheritance of acquired characteristics, vital forces
within the creatures to help adapt to the environment
- acquired traits: developed through use and disuse passed onto first generations
- under huge stress, either change or die, special type of fluid within an organism which
passed on to make them change their form
natural selection - answers✔✔- everything shares common ancestors
- some can reproduce and survive better than others
- only those who survive having favourable characteristics can adapt best to their
environment
3 postulates of darwinian evolution - answers✔✔1) Struggle for existence- space and
resources are limited, competition between populations
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 4:20PM
2) Variation in fitness: some individuals have a slight advantage who can produce more
offspring
3) Inheritance of variation: needs to be passed from parent to offspring to work,
disadvantageous genes disappear
Sexual Selection - answers✔✔- Certain evolutionary traits can be explained competition, to
catch the eyes of females
- Darwin reasoned that natures can select for traits and members of the opposite sex can
select for traits
Alfred Russel Wallace - answers✔✔- Collected orgaisms to sell back to scientists in europe
from malaysia
- Noticed diverse life in the jungle and wondered how life could be so diverse, wondered if
nature was selection for individuals
- Basically had the same ideas as charles darwin but nobody cares about him
Survival of the fittest - answers✔✔- Herbert spencer
- Proclaimed wrongly that a struggle for existence in human society leads, in effect, to
evolution
- Argued against policies, like charities, might interfere with process of producing fit
individuals and institutions
modes of selection - answers✔✔directional, stabilizing, disruptive
directional selection - answers✔✔Favour higher or lower values of a chataver than current
average value
stabilizing selection - answers✔✔- When average phenotype it fittest
- Selects against extreme values and reduces variations
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 4:20PM
disruptive selection - answers✔✔Both extremes of a range of phenotypes are favoured
against those intermediate between them
fitness - answers✔✔Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
sexual selection - answers✔✔A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain
inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.
gregor mendel conclusions - answers✔✔- figured each plant has two copies of a factor like
height
- If plants breed true, one trait will mask the other trait
- Came up with recessive and dominant genes kinda
macroevolution - answers✔✔how relationship is amongst species as a whole
somatic sex cells - answers✔✔Contain genetic code
recombination - answers✔✔process by which two homologous chromosomes exchange
genetic material during gamete formation
chromosomes - answers✔✔- DNA wrapped tightly around itself in a different structure
- Lives in the nucleus
DNA four bases - answers✔✔Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
DNA - answers✔✔- Outside is held together by strong sugar phosphate bonds
- Contains code to build protein
- Organic material and needs to make copies of itself
- Nucleic acid
13/11/2024 4:20PM
ANT100 MIDTERM Refined Exam
Questions And Solutions
what is anthropology - answers✔✔holistic study of human beings
what is evolutionary anthropology? - answers✔✔application of modern evolutionary theory
to studies of morphology, ecology, and behaviour of humans and non-human primates
5 sub-disciplines of evolutionary anthropology - answers✔✔primatology
paleoanthropology
human variation
medical anthropology
forensic anthropology
what is primatology - answers✔✔scientific study of non-human primates
how do evo-anthro conduct research? - answers✔✔through the scientific method
what is the scientific method - answers✔✔- state the problem
- gather info
- form a hypothesis
- test the hypothesis
- record and analyze
- state the conlc
- repeat the work until you draw the exact same conclusions
4 problems for evo-anthrpologists - answers✔✔- how old is the earth
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 4:20PM
- fixity of species
- lack of scientific method
- separate creation for humans and animals
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) - answers✔✔- father of modern taxonomy
- founded binomial nomenclature
- made descriptions based on physical resemblances, did not believe in evolution though
- placed humans in the same category as gorillas and chimps
binomial nomenclature - answers✔✔- Classification system in which each species is assigned
a two-part scientific name
- genus is capitalized and the species is always the lower case
georges-louis leclerc - answers✔✔-founded biogeography
- said why animals are found in some places and not in others
- had to recant all of it because of the church
jean baptiste lamarack - answers✔✔- inheritance of acquired characteristics, vital forces
within the creatures to help adapt to the environment
- acquired traits: developed through use and disuse passed onto first generations
- under huge stress, either change or die, special type of fluid within an organism which
passed on to make them change their form
natural selection - answers✔✔- everything shares common ancestors
- some can reproduce and survive better than others
- only those who survive having favourable characteristics can adapt best to their
environment
3 postulates of darwinian evolution - answers✔✔1) Struggle for existence- space and
resources are limited, competition between populations
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 4:20PM
2) Variation in fitness: some individuals have a slight advantage who can produce more
offspring
3) Inheritance of variation: needs to be passed from parent to offspring to work,
disadvantageous genes disappear
Sexual Selection - answers✔✔- Certain evolutionary traits can be explained competition, to
catch the eyes of females
- Darwin reasoned that natures can select for traits and members of the opposite sex can
select for traits
Alfred Russel Wallace - answers✔✔- Collected orgaisms to sell back to scientists in europe
from malaysia
- Noticed diverse life in the jungle and wondered how life could be so diverse, wondered if
nature was selection for individuals
- Basically had the same ideas as charles darwin but nobody cares about him
Survival of the fittest - answers✔✔- Herbert spencer
- Proclaimed wrongly that a struggle for existence in human society leads, in effect, to
evolution
- Argued against policies, like charities, might interfere with process of producing fit
individuals and institutions
modes of selection - answers✔✔directional, stabilizing, disruptive
directional selection - answers✔✔Favour higher or lower values of a chataver than current
average value
stabilizing selection - answers✔✔- When average phenotype it fittest
- Selects against extreme values and reduces variations
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 4:20PM
disruptive selection - answers✔✔Both extremes of a range of phenotypes are favoured
against those intermediate between them
fitness - answers✔✔Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
sexual selection - answers✔✔A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain
inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.
gregor mendel conclusions - answers✔✔- figured each plant has two copies of a factor like
height
- If plants breed true, one trait will mask the other trait
- Came up with recessive and dominant genes kinda
macroevolution - answers✔✔how relationship is amongst species as a whole
somatic sex cells - answers✔✔Contain genetic code
recombination - answers✔✔process by which two homologous chromosomes exchange
genetic material during gamete formation
chromosomes - answers✔✔- DNA wrapped tightly around itself in a different structure
- Lives in the nucleus
DNA four bases - answers✔✔Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
DNA - answers✔✔- Outside is held together by strong sugar phosphate bonds
- Contains code to build protein
- Organic material and needs to make copies of itself
- Nucleic acid
