©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 9:50AM
AM2- Epidemiology and EBVM
Modified Exam Questions And
Answers
What is risk? - answers✔✔Aka prevalence
The likelihood of an event occurring
How is risk measured? - answers✔✔Number of outcome events
------------------------------
Number of all events
What is relative risk/ risk ratio (RR)? - answers✔✔-The ratio of two risks
-Comparison of the risks of two groups
-The measure of association calculated from a cohort study
-Divide one risk by the other to get an "x times more likely" statement
How is RR measured? - answers✔✔Risk in group 1 (A/(A+B))
----------------------------
Risk in group 2 (C/(C+D))
What factors affect how trustworthy a set of calculations is? - answers✔✔Sample size
Lack of representation
Lack of random sampling
Bias
What is a point estimate? - answers✔✔A single number computed from sample data used to
estimate a population parameter
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 9:50AM
What is a 95% confidence interval? - answers✔✔The interval in which we are 95% confident
that the true value or the measurement can be found
Measures reliability of point estimate
How is odds calculated? - answers✔✔Number of outcome events
------------------------------
Number of non-outcome events
How is odds ratio (OR) calculated? - answers✔✔Odds in group 1 (A/B)
-------------------------
Odds in group 2 (C/D)
What is odds ratio (OR)? - answers✔✔The measure of association calculated from a case-
control study
What does it mean if the risks of two data sets don't overlap? - answers✔✔There is a
statistical difference between the two
What is the p-value? - answers✔✔The probability that the difference between values
occurred by chance
Measures the strength of the association between exposure and outcome
What does a low p-value mean? - answers✔✔The difference is unlikely to have been
produced by chance (significant difference)
What does a high p-value mean? - answers✔✔The difference is likely to be due to chance
(not significant difference)
What cut-off value is used to signify statistical significance? - answers✔✔p=0.05
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 9:50AM
Under what circumstance is OR a good estimate of RR? - answers✔✔When disease
prevalence is low
What does an RR >1 mean? - answers✔✔An individual is likely to be in that group
What does an RR <1 mean? - answers✔✔An individual is less likely to be in that group
Compare risk and odds: - answers✔✔Risk:
-More accurate of population prevalence
-Easier to interpret
-Used to measure association from cohort studies
Odds:
-Easier to calculate
-Used to measure association from case-control studies
What are risk and odds both used to measure? - answers✔✔The relationship between
exposure and outcome
What are RR and OR used to measure? - answers✔✔The difference between two groups
The size of the association between exposure and outcome
What can selective data presentation do? - answers✔✔Skew/ manipulate the appearance of
the data and how it's interpreted
What should be used to interpret data? - answers✔✔Statistical analysis
What types of data exist? - answers✔✔Quantitative:
13/11/2024 9:50AM
AM2- Epidemiology and EBVM
Modified Exam Questions And
Answers
What is risk? - answers✔✔Aka prevalence
The likelihood of an event occurring
How is risk measured? - answers✔✔Number of outcome events
------------------------------
Number of all events
What is relative risk/ risk ratio (RR)? - answers✔✔-The ratio of two risks
-Comparison of the risks of two groups
-The measure of association calculated from a cohort study
-Divide one risk by the other to get an "x times more likely" statement
How is RR measured? - answers✔✔Risk in group 1 (A/(A+B))
----------------------------
Risk in group 2 (C/(C+D))
What factors affect how trustworthy a set of calculations is? - answers✔✔Sample size
Lack of representation
Lack of random sampling
Bias
What is a point estimate? - answers✔✔A single number computed from sample data used to
estimate a population parameter
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 9:50AM
What is a 95% confidence interval? - answers✔✔The interval in which we are 95% confident
that the true value or the measurement can be found
Measures reliability of point estimate
How is odds calculated? - answers✔✔Number of outcome events
------------------------------
Number of non-outcome events
How is odds ratio (OR) calculated? - answers✔✔Odds in group 1 (A/B)
-------------------------
Odds in group 2 (C/D)
What is odds ratio (OR)? - answers✔✔The measure of association calculated from a case-
control study
What does it mean if the risks of two data sets don't overlap? - answers✔✔There is a
statistical difference between the two
What is the p-value? - answers✔✔The probability that the difference between values
occurred by chance
Measures the strength of the association between exposure and outcome
What does a low p-value mean? - answers✔✔The difference is unlikely to have been
produced by chance (significant difference)
What does a high p-value mean? - answers✔✔The difference is likely to be due to chance
(not significant difference)
What cut-off value is used to signify statistical significance? - answers✔✔p=0.05
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 9:50AM
Under what circumstance is OR a good estimate of RR? - answers✔✔When disease
prevalence is low
What does an RR >1 mean? - answers✔✔An individual is likely to be in that group
What does an RR <1 mean? - answers✔✔An individual is less likely to be in that group
Compare risk and odds: - answers✔✔Risk:
-More accurate of population prevalence
-Easier to interpret
-Used to measure association from cohort studies
Odds:
-Easier to calculate
-Used to measure association from case-control studies
What are risk and odds both used to measure? - answers✔✔The relationship between
exposure and outcome
What are RR and OR used to measure? - answers✔✔The difference between two groups
The size of the association between exposure and outcome
What can selective data presentation do? - answers✔✔Skew/ manipulate the appearance of
the data and how it's interpreted
What should be used to interpret data? - answers✔✔Statistical analysis
What types of data exist? - answers✔✔Quantitative:
