TEST BANK FOR CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatrics
26th Edition by Maya Bunik; William W. Hay,
Chapter 1 - 46 Complete
,Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics, 26th Edition Test Bank
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1. The Newborn Infant
Chapter 2. Child Development and Behavior
Chapter 3. Adolescence
Chapter 4. Adolescent Substance Abuse
Chapter 5. Eating Disorders
Chapter 6. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
Chapter 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
Chapter 8. Ambulatory / Office Pediatrics
Chapter 9. Immunization
Chapter 10. Travel Medicine
Chapter 11. Normal Childhood Nutrition and Its Disorders
Chapter 12. Emergencies and Injuries
Chapter 13. Poisoning
Chapter 14. Critical Care
Chapter 15. Skin
Chapter 16. Eye
Chapter 17. Oral Medicine and Dentistry
Chapter 18. Ear, Nose, and Throat
Chapter 19. Respiratory Tract and Mediastinum
Chapter 20. Sleep Medicine
Chapter 21. Cardiovascular Diseases
Chapter 22. Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 23. Liver and Pancreas
Chapter 24. Kidney and Urinary Tract
Chapter 25. Neurologic and Muscular Disorders
Chapter 26. Orthopedics
Chapter 27. Sports Medicine
Chapter 28. Rehabilitation Medicine
Chapter 29. Rheumatic Diseases
Chapter 30. Hematologic Disorders
Chapter 31. Neoplastic Disease
Chapter 32. Pain Management and Palliative Care
Chapter 33. Immunodeficiency
Chapter 34. Endocrine Disorders
Chapter 35. Diabetes Mellitus
Chapter 36. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Chapter 37. Genetics and Dysmorphology
Chapter 38. Allergic Disorders
Chapter 39. Antimicrobial Therapy
Chapter 40. Infections: Viral and Rickettsial
Chapter 41. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 42. Infections: Bacterial and Spirochetal
Chapter 43. Infections: Parasitic and Mycotic
Chapter 44. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chapter 45. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders and Therapy
Chapter 46. Pediatric Laboratory Medicine and Reference Ranges
,Chapter 1: The Newborn Infant
Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics, 26th Edition Test
Bank Multiple Choice
1. Which milestone is developmentally appropriate for a 2-month-old infant when
the nurse pulls the infant to a sitting position?
a. Head lag is present when the infants trunk is lifted.
b. The infant is able to support the head when the trunk is lifted.
c. The infant is briefly able to hold the head erect.
d. The infant is fully able to support and hold the head in a straight line.
ANSWER: C
A 2-month-old infant is able to hold the head erect only briefly and continues to
have some head lag. It is not until 4 months of age that the infant can keep his or her
head in a straight line when pulled to a sitting position.
2. Approximately what should a newborn weigh at 1 year of age if the newborns
birth weight was 7 pounds 6 ounces?
a. 14 3/4 pounds
b. 22 1/8 pounds
c. 29 1/2 pounds
d. Unable to estimate weight at 1 year
ANSWER: B
An infant triples the birth weight by 1 year of age. An infant doubles the birth
weight by 6 months of age. An infant quadruples the birth weight by 2 years of age.
Weight at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years of age can be estimated from the birth
weight.
,3. Which statement made by a parent would be consistent with a developmental delay?
a. I have noticed that my 9-month-old infant responds consistently to
the sound of his name.
b. I have noticed that my 12-month-old child does not get herself to
a sitting position or pull to stand.
c. I am so happy when my 1 1/2-month-old infant smiles at me.
d. My 5-month-old infant is not rolling over in both directions yet.
ANSWER: B
Critical developmental milestones for gross motor development in a 12 month old
include standing briefly without support, getting to a sitting position, and pulling to
stand. If a 12-month- old child does not perform these activities, it may be indicative
of a developmental delay. An infant who responds to his name at 9 months of age is
demonstrating abilities to both hear and interpret sound. A social smile is present by
2 months of age. Rolling over in both directions is not a critical milestone for gross
motor development until the child reaches 6 months of age.
4. At a healthy 2-month-old infants well-child clinic visit, the nurse should
give which immunizations?
a. DTaP, IPV, HepB, Hib, PCV, rotavirus
b. MMR, DTaP, PVC, and IPV
c. Hib, DTaP, rotavirus, and OPV
d. Hib and MMR, IPV, and rotavirus
ANSWER: A
DTaP, IPV, HepB, Hib, PCV, and rotavirus are the appropriate sequence of
immunizations for a healthy 2-month-old infant. MMR is given at or after 12 months
of age. Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is no longer administered in the U.S.
5. The nurse advises the mother of a 3-month-old infant, exclusively breast-fed, to:
a. start giving the infant a vitamin D supplement.
,b. start using an infant feeder and add rice cereal to the formula.
c. start feeding the infant rice cereal with a spoon at the evening feeding.
d. continue breast-feeding without any supplements.
ANSWER: A
Breast milk does not provide an adequate amount of dietary vitamin D. Infants who
are exclusively breast-fed need vitamin D supplements to prevent rickets. An infant
feeder is an inappropriate method of providing the infant with caloric intake. Solid
foods and rice cereal are not recommended for a 3-month-old infant. Solid feedings
do not typically begin before 4 to 6 months of age. Because breast milk is not an
adequate source of fluoride, infants need to be given a fluoride supplement.
6. At months of age, an infant should first be expected to locate an object
hidden from view.
a. 4
b. 6
c. 9
d. 20
ANSWER: C
By 9 months of age an infant will actively search for an object that is out of sight.
Four-month- old infants are not cognitively capable of searching out objects hidden
from their view. Infants at this developmental level do not pursue hidden objects.
Six-month-old infants have not developed the ability to perceive objects as
permanent and do not search out objects hidden from their view. Twenty-month-old
infants actively pursue objects not in their view and are capable of recalling the
location of an object not in their view. They first look for hidden objects around the
age of 9 months.
7. The parents of a newborn infant state, We will probably not have our baby
immunized because we are concerned about the risk of our child being injured.
Which is the best response for the nurse to make?
,a. It is your decision.
b. Have you talked with your parents about this? They can probably help
you think about this decision.
c. The risks of not immunizing your baby are greater than the risks
from the immunizations.
d. You are making a mistake.
ANSWER: C
Although immunizations have been documented to have a negative effect in a small
number of cases, an unimmunized infant is at greater risk for development of
complications from childhood diseases than from the vaccines. It is the parents
decision not to immunize the child; however, the nurse has a responsibility to
inform parents about the risks to infants who are not immunized. Grandparents can
be supportive but are not the primary decision makers for the infant. Telling parents
that they are making a mistake is an inappropriate response.
8. The mother of a 9-month-old infant is concerned because the infant cries when she
leaves him. Which is the best response for the nurse to make to the mother?
a. You could consider leaving the infant more often so he can adjust.
b. You might consider taking him to the doctor because he may be ill.
c. Have you noticed whether the baby is teething?
d. This can be a healthy sign of attachment.
ANSWER: D
Healthy attachment is manifested by stranger anxiety in late infancy. An infant who
manifests stranger anxiety can be supported by the mother leaving the infant for
only short periods of time. Assessing developmental needs is appropriate before
taking an infant to a physician. Pain from teething expressed by the infants cries
would not occur only when the mother left the room.
9. Which statement concerning physiological factors of infancy is true?
a. The infant has a slower metabolic rate than an adult.
,b. An infant is not able to digest protein and lactase.
c. Infants have a slower circulatory response than adults.
d. The kidneys of an infant are less efficient in concentrating urine
than an adults kidneys.
ANSWER: D
The infants kidneys are not as effective at concentrating urine compared with an
adults kidneys because of immaturity of the renal system and a slower glomerular
filtration rates. The infants metabolic rate is faster, not slower, than an adults.
Although the newborn infants gastrointestinal system is immature, it is capable of
digesting protein and lactase, but the ability to digest and absorb fat does not reach
adult levels until approximately 6 to 9 months of age.
10. Which is a priority in counseling parents of a 6-month-old infant?
a. Increased appetite from secondary growth spurt
b. Allowing the infant to self-feed
c. Securing a developmentally safe environment for the infant
d. Strategies to teach infants to sit up
ANSWER: C
Safety is a primary concern as an infant becomes increasingly mobile. The infants
appetite and growth velocity decrease in the second half of infancy. Fine motor
development, which is refined in the second half of infancy, is necessary before the
infant can self-feed. Unless the infant has a neuromuscular deficit, strategies for
teaching a normally developing infant to sit up are not necessary.
11. A mother of a 2-month-old infant tells the nurse, My child doesnt sleep as much
as his older brother did at the same age. What is the best response for the nurse?
a. Have you tried to feed the baby more often?
b. Infant sleep patterns vary widely, with some infants sleeping only 2 to
3 hours at a time.
,c. It is helpful to keep a record of your babys eating, waking,
sleeping, and elimination patterns and to come back in a week
to discuss them.
d. This infant is difficult. It is important for you to identify what is
bothering the baby.
ANSWER: B
Newborn infants may sleep as much as 17 to 20 hours per day. Sleep patterns vary
widely, with some infants sleeping only 2 to 3 hours at a time. Infants typically do
not need more caloric intake to improve sleep behaviors. Keeping intake, output,
waking, and sleeping data is not typically helpful in discussing differences among
infants behaviors. Identifying an infant as difficult without identifying helpful
actions is not a therapeutic response for a parent concerned about sleep.
12. The mother of a 10-month-old infant tells the nurse that her infant really likes
cows milk. Which is the best response to this mother?
a. Milk is good for him.
b. It is best to wait until he is a year old before giving him cows milk.
c. Limit cows milk to his bedtime bottle.
d. Mix his cereal with cows milk and give him formula in a bottle.
ANSWER: B
It is best to wait until the infant is at least a year old before giving him cows milk
because of the risk of allergies and intestinal problems. Cows milk protein
intolerance is the most common food allergy during infancy. Although milk is a
good source of calcium and protein for children after the first year of life, it is not
the best source of nutrients for children younger than 1 year old.
Bedtime bottles of formula or milk are contraindicated because of their high sugar
content, which leads to dental decay in primary teeth. Cereal can be mixed with
formula.
13. The mother of a 10-month-old infant asks the nurse about beginning to wean her
child from the bottle. Which statement by the mother suggests that the child is not
ready to be weaned?
,a. My son is frequently throwing his bottle down.
, b. The baby takes a few ounces of formula from the bottle.
c. He is constantly chewing on the nipple. It concerns me.
d. He consistently is sucking.
ANSWER: D
Consistent sucking is a sign that the child is not ready to be weaned. A decreased
interest in the bottle starts between 6 and 12 months. Throwing the bottle down is a
sign of a decreased interest in the bottle. When the child is taking more fluids from a
cup and decreasing amounts from the bottle, the child is demonstrating a readiness
for weaning. Chewing on the nipple is another sign that the infant is ready to be
weaned.
14. Which is appropriate play for a 6-month-old infant?
a. Pat-a-cake, peek-a-boo
b. Ball rolling, hide and seek game
c. Bright rattles and tactile toys
d. Push and pull toys
ANSWER: A
Six-month-old children enjoy playing pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo. Nine-month-old
infants enjoy rolling a ball and playing hide and seek games. Four-month-old
infants enjoy bright rattles and tactile toys. Twelve-month-old infants enjoy playing
with push and pull toys.
15. Which statement by a mother indicates that her 5-month-old infant is ready for solid
food?
a. When I give my baby solid foods, she has difficulty getting it to the
back of her throat to swallow.
b. She has just started to sit up without any support.
c. I am surprised that she only weighs 11 pounds. I expected her to
have gained some weight.
d. I find that she really has to be encouraged to eat.
26th Edition by Maya Bunik; William W. Hay,
Chapter 1 - 46 Complete
,Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics, 26th Edition Test Bank
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1. The Newborn Infant
Chapter 2. Child Development and Behavior
Chapter 3. Adolescence
Chapter 4. Adolescent Substance Abuse
Chapter 5. Eating Disorders
Chapter 6. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
Chapter 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
Chapter 8. Ambulatory / Office Pediatrics
Chapter 9. Immunization
Chapter 10. Travel Medicine
Chapter 11. Normal Childhood Nutrition and Its Disorders
Chapter 12. Emergencies and Injuries
Chapter 13. Poisoning
Chapter 14. Critical Care
Chapter 15. Skin
Chapter 16. Eye
Chapter 17. Oral Medicine and Dentistry
Chapter 18. Ear, Nose, and Throat
Chapter 19. Respiratory Tract and Mediastinum
Chapter 20. Sleep Medicine
Chapter 21. Cardiovascular Diseases
Chapter 22. Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 23. Liver and Pancreas
Chapter 24. Kidney and Urinary Tract
Chapter 25. Neurologic and Muscular Disorders
Chapter 26. Orthopedics
Chapter 27. Sports Medicine
Chapter 28. Rehabilitation Medicine
Chapter 29. Rheumatic Diseases
Chapter 30. Hematologic Disorders
Chapter 31. Neoplastic Disease
Chapter 32. Pain Management and Palliative Care
Chapter 33. Immunodeficiency
Chapter 34. Endocrine Disorders
Chapter 35. Diabetes Mellitus
Chapter 36. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Chapter 37. Genetics and Dysmorphology
Chapter 38. Allergic Disorders
Chapter 39. Antimicrobial Therapy
Chapter 40. Infections: Viral and Rickettsial
Chapter 41. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 42. Infections: Bacterial and Spirochetal
Chapter 43. Infections: Parasitic and Mycotic
Chapter 44. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chapter 45. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders and Therapy
Chapter 46. Pediatric Laboratory Medicine and Reference Ranges
,Chapter 1: The Newborn Infant
Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics, 26th Edition Test
Bank Multiple Choice
1. Which milestone is developmentally appropriate for a 2-month-old infant when
the nurse pulls the infant to a sitting position?
a. Head lag is present when the infants trunk is lifted.
b. The infant is able to support the head when the trunk is lifted.
c. The infant is briefly able to hold the head erect.
d. The infant is fully able to support and hold the head in a straight line.
ANSWER: C
A 2-month-old infant is able to hold the head erect only briefly and continues to
have some head lag. It is not until 4 months of age that the infant can keep his or her
head in a straight line when pulled to a sitting position.
2. Approximately what should a newborn weigh at 1 year of age if the newborns
birth weight was 7 pounds 6 ounces?
a. 14 3/4 pounds
b. 22 1/8 pounds
c. 29 1/2 pounds
d. Unable to estimate weight at 1 year
ANSWER: B
An infant triples the birth weight by 1 year of age. An infant doubles the birth
weight by 6 months of age. An infant quadruples the birth weight by 2 years of age.
Weight at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years of age can be estimated from the birth
weight.
,3. Which statement made by a parent would be consistent with a developmental delay?
a. I have noticed that my 9-month-old infant responds consistently to
the sound of his name.
b. I have noticed that my 12-month-old child does not get herself to
a sitting position or pull to stand.
c. I am so happy when my 1 1/2-month-old infant smiles at me.
d. My 5-month-old infant is not rolling over in both directions yet.
ANSWER: B
Critical developmental milestones for gross motor development in a 12 month old
include standing briefly without support, getting to a sitting position, and pulling to
stand. If a 12-month- old child does not perform these activities, it may be indicative
of a developmental delay. An infant who responds to his name at 9 months of age is
demonstrating abilities to both hear and interpret sound. A social smile is present by
2 months of age. Rolling over in both directions is not a critical milestone for gross
motor development until the child reaches 6 months of age.
4. At a healthy 2-month-old infants well-child clinic visit, the nurse should
give which immunizations?
a. DTaP, IPV, HepB, Hib, PCV, rotavirus
b. MMR, DTaP, PVC, and IPV
c. Hib, DTaP, rotavirus, and OPV
d. Hib and MMR, IPV, and rotavirus
ANSWER: A
DTaP, IPV, HepB, Hib, PCV, and rotavirus are the appropriate sequence of
immunizations for a healthy 2-month-old infant. MMR is given at or after 12 months
of age. Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is no longer administered in the U.S.
5. The nurse advises the mother of a 3-month-old infant, exclusively breast-fed, to:
a. start giving the infant a vitamin D supplement.
,b. start using an infant feeder and add rice cereal to the formula.
c. start feeding the infant rice cereal with a spoon at the evening feeding.
d. continue breast-feeding without any supplements.
ANSWER: A
Breast milk does not provide an adequate amount of dietary vitamin D. Infants who
are exclusively breast-fed need vitamin D supplements to prevent rickets. An infant
feeder is an inappropriate method of providing the infant with caloric intake. Solid
foods and rice cereal are not recommended for a 3-month-old infant. Solid feedings
do not typically begin before 4 to 6 months of age. Because breast milk is not an
adequate source of fluoride, infants need to be given a fluoride supplement.
6. At months of age, an infant should first be expected to locate an object
hidden from view.
a. 4
b. 6
c. 9
d. 20
ANSWER: C
By 9 months of age an infant will actively search for an object that is out of sight.
Four-month- old infants are not cognitively capable of searching out objects hidden
from their view. Infants at this developmental level do not pursue hidden objects.
Six-month-old infants have not developed the ability to perceive objects as
permanent and do not search out objects hidden from their view. Twenty-month-old
infants actively pursue objects not in their view and are capable of recalling the
location of an object not in their view. They first look for hidden objects around the
age of 9 months.
7. The parents of a newborn infant state, We will probably not have our baby
immunized because we are concerned about the risk of our child being injured.
Which is the best response for the nurse to make?
,a. It is your decision.
b. Have you talked with your parents about this? They can probably help
you think about this decision.
c. The risks of not immunizing your baby are greater than the risks
from the immunizations.
d. You are making a mistake.
ANSWER: C
Although immunizations have been documented to have a negative effect in a small
number of cases, an unimmunized infant is at greater risk for development of
complications from childhood diseases than from the vaccines. It is the parents
decision not to immunize the child; however, the nurse has a responsibility to
inform parents about the risks to infants who are not immunized. Grandparents can
be supportive but are not the primary decision makers for the infant. Telling parents
that they are making a mistake is an inappropriate response.
8. The mother of a 9-month-old infant is concerned because the infant cries when she
leaves him. Which is the best response for the nurse to make to the mother?
a. You could consider leaving the infant more often so he can adjust.
b. You might consider taking him to the doctor because he may be ill.
c. Have you noticed whether the baby is teething?
d. This can be a healthy sign of attachment.
ANSWER: D
Healthy attachment is manifested by stranger anxiety in late infancy. An infant who
manifests stranger anxiety can be supported by the mother leaving the infant for
only short periods of time. Assessing developmental needs is appropriate before
taking an infant to a physician. Pain from teething expressed by the infants cries
would not occur only when the mother left the room.
9. Which statement concerning physiological factors of infancy is true?
a. The infant has a slower metabolic rate than an adult.
,b. An infant is not able to digest protein and lactase.
c. Infants have a slower circulatory response than adults.
d. The kidneys of an infant are less efficient in concentrating urine
than an adults kidneys.
ANSWER: D
The infants kidneys are not as effective at concentrating urine compared with an
adults kidneys because of immaturity of the renal system and a slower glomerular
filtration rates. The infants metabolic rate is faster, not slower, than an adults.
Although the newborn infants gastrointestinal system is immature, it is capable of
digesting protein and lactase, but the ability to digest and absorb fat does not reach
adult levels until approximately 6 to 9 months of age.
10. Which is a priority in counseling parents of a 6-month-old infant?
a. Increased appetite from secondary growth spurt
b. Allowing the infant to self-feed
c. Securing a developmentally safe environment for the infant
d. Strategies to teach infants to sit up
ANSWER: C
Safety is a primary concern as an infant becomes increasingly mobile. The infants
appetite and growth velocity decrease in the second half of infancy. Fine motor
development, which is refined in the second half of infancy, is necessary before the
infant can self-feed. Unless the infant has a neuromuscular deficit, strategies for
teaching a normally developing infant to sit up are not necessary.
11. A mother of a 2-month-old infant tells the nurse, My child doesnt sleep as much
as his older brother did at the same age. What is the best response for the nurse?
a. Have you tried to feed the baby more often?
b. Infant sleep patterns vary widely, with some infants sleeping only 2 to
3 hours at a time.
,c. It is helpful to keep a record of your babys eating, waking,
sleeping, and elimination patterns and to come back in a week
to discuss them.
d. This infant is difficult. It is important for you to identify what is
bothering the baby.
ANSWER: B
Newborn infants may sleep as much as 17 to 20 hours per day. Sleep patterns vary
widely, with some infants sleeping only 2 to 3 hours at a time. Infants typically do
not need more caloric intake to improve sleep behaviors. Keeping intake, output,
waking, and sleeping data is not typically helpful in discussing differences among
infants behaviors. Identifying an infant as difficult without identifying helpful
actions is not a therapeutic response for a parent concerned about sleep.
12. The mother of a 10-month-old infant tells the nurse that her infant really likes
cows milk. Which is the best response to this mother?
a. Milk is good for him.
b. It is best to wait until he is a year old before giving him cows milk.
c. Limit cows milk to his bedtime bottle.
d. Mix his cereal with cows milk and give him formula in a bottle.
ANSWER: B
It is best to wait until the infant is at least a year old before giving him cows milk
because of the risk of allergies and intestinal problems. Cows milk protein
intolerance is the most common food allergy during infancy. Although milk is a
good source of calcium and protein for children after the first year of life, it is not
the best source of nutrients for children younger than 1 year old.
Bedtime bottles of formula or milk are contraindicated because of their high sugar
content, which leads to dental decay in primary teeth. Cereal can be mixed with
formula.
13. The mother of a 10-month-old infant asks the nurse about beginning to wean her
child from the bottle. Which statement by the mother suggests that the child is not
ready to be weaned?
,a. My son is frequently throwing his bottle down.
, b. The baby takes a few ounces of formula from the bottle.
c. He is constantly chewing on the nipple. It concerns me.
d. He consistently is sucking.
ANSWER: D
Consistent sucking is a sign that the child is not ready to be weaned. A decreased
interest in the bottle starts between 6 and 12 months. Throwing the bottle down is a
sign of a decreased interest in the bottle. When the child is taking more fluids from a
cup and decreasing amounts from the bottle, the child is demonstrating a readiness
for weaning. Chewing on the nipple is another sign that the infant is ready to be
weaned.
14. Which is appropriate play for a 6-month-old infant?
a. Pat-a-cake, peek-a-boo
b. Ball rolling, hide and seek game
c. Bright rattles and tactile toys
d. Push and pull toys
ANSWER: A
Six-month-old children enjoy playing pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo. Nine-month-old
infants enjoy rolling a ball and playing hide and seek games. Four-month-old
infants enjoy bright rattles and tactile toys. Twelve-month-old infants enjoy playing
with push and pull toys.
15. Which statement by a mother indicates that her 5-month-old infant is ready for solid
food?
a. When I give my baby solid foods, she has difficulty getting it to the
back of her throat to swallow.
b. She has just started to sit up without any support.
c. I am surprised that she only weighs 11 pounds. I expected her to
have gained some weight.
d. I find that she really has to be encouraged to eat.
