Way of life, interpersonal transactions, behaviors, values, beliefs, accepted
behaviors
Language, communication style, health beliefs, family relationships, gender
roles, religion
Cultural competence- academic and interpersonal skills that are respectful
and responsive to health beliefs and practices for diverse patients to bring
positive change
Requires adjustment and recognition of own culture to understand culture
of others
culture
Minorities adapt to certain aspects of dominant culture
acculturation
Beliefs for standards of behavior
cultural identity
Capacity to communicate effectively and convey information that is easily
understood by diverse audiences
Addresses literacy needs
Linguistic variations in cultural groups and cultural variations of language
groups
linguistic competence
Hispanic Americans: typically use all resources before seeking help from
mental health professionals out of belief that mental health facilities do not
,accommodate to cultural needs, cost of care, and concerns regarding
immigration status
African Americans: look to extensive family networks, but suffer from the
stress of double stigma (both from own cultural group and racial
discrimination). Disproportionately diagnosed as having schizophrenia when
compared to other groups
Asian Americans, Polynesians, and Pacific Islanders: asian cultures have a
tradition of denying or disguising mental illness out of embarrassment.
Native Americans: vary among tribes- some view as a supernatural
possession, some are stigmatized but the degree of stigmatization is varies
with disorders such as suicide
mental illness cultural beliefs among various populations
State of well being in which individual realizes own abilities, can cope with
normal life stressors, can work productively and fruitfully, and can make a
contribution to society
Impossible to be healthy without being mentally healthy- important for
overall health
Essential for personal/interpersonal/community
emotional and psychological balance in the pursuit of wellness and a
meaningful quality of life
Can be mentally healthy and have a chronic mental disorder
an individual who has the capacity to interact with others deal with ordinary
stress perceive surroundings realistically
mental health
purpose in life, actively involved, healthy body, environment, being happy-
purposeful process of individual growth, meaning values goals
Eight dimensions: emotional, financial, social, spiritual, occupational,
physical, intellectual, environmental
, wellness
a set of symptoms that are defined by multiple clusters of behaviors,
thoughts, feelings, not underlying pathologies, has multiple causes
Alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with impaired
functioning usually
May have difficulties in day to day activities
Laboratory tests are not generally used to
mental illness as a syndrome
study of pattern of disease distribution, not cause but association of factors
for evidence for high mental disorders
epidemiology
cases in population divided by total population of cases and non-cases
rate
total number of people who have the disorder within the population at
specific time regardless of when it started
prevalence
cases at t divided by population at t
point prevalence
new cases
incidence
Determine the amount of severity experienced based on primary symptom
Subtypes and other specifics that further classify disorders
No absolute boundaries separating one disorder from another