CLST 103 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed)

CLST 103 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed) Genres of Roman Poetry - Answers 1. Poetry (in verse) 2. Prose (not in verse) Catullus - Answers Poet born outside of Rome into rich Italian family, came to Rome and got involved with Clodia, sister of Clodius, who was already married, poetry reflects ups and downs of their relationship including when he was jealous of her canary and when he called her a prostitute. Her persona was Lesbia. He wrote purely about love in lyrical poetry even though he wrote at the same time as Cicero who focused on Roman politics and society. Died young, believed to have been from a broken heart after his ultimate break-up with Clodia. Horace - Answers -At school in Athens when Brutus' liberators killed Caesar and campaigned to 'save' the Republic. Horace drooped out of school to join the Liberators who were soon defeated by Octavian. Octavian gained control of Horace's land when his father died, and as a result Horace was forced to work as a clerk in Rome. His writings took a bitter twist as he wrote cynically about his life. Maecenas, a chief follower of Augustus took an interest in Horace's writings and created an amicita relationship with him. He gave Horus a farm in Sabine to write for him. However, Horus was forced to write things Maecenas liked, mostly praise for Augustus. He also wrote about his farm. -Wrote about Cleopatra's death, Augustus' victory and the Regulus Standards Regulus - Answers -commander during the Punic wars, taken hostage with a lot of other Romans by the Carthaginians and sent to Rome to negotiate their release -Regulus said to forget about the soldiers in captivity and put the state first -Lost standards to the Carthaginians the same way Crassus did to the Parthians (which were recovered by Augustus) Regal Period Architecture - Answers -Circus Maximus, thatched huts on hills, Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Temple of Vesta, Senate House, Forum Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus - Answers -wooden frame with statues on the roof, terracotta tiles -cult statue inside taken out for festivals -Etruscan/Italian style Cloaca Maxima - Answers -"biggest drain" of many -Etruscans drained the forum into the Tiber River -cleaned out by Agrippa, Aedile of Augustus who sailed through it and sanitized and cleaned the city -ensured entire city had clean water, 1200 fountains added Coins - Answers -Coin of Syracuse: 2-horse chariot carrying Nike, and lion with sea goddess -Coin of Rome: 4-horse chariot driven by Janus, with Victoria, Jupiter and Roma Atrium House - Answers -made from terracotta and tile -has garden, similar to Greek peristyle but without colonnade -stone-faced concrete facade at front Roman Temple - Answers -Raised on podium, front-facing steps (towards street) -one set of stairs with defined porch -Cella defined with embedded columns -Rectangular shape -Has markers where priests are to look for signs from the gods -typically made from wood and terracotta (Original Etruscan design) -more concerned with functionality Greek Temple - Answers -slight porch, slightly raised -stairs all around structure -rectangular or Square -no embedded columns= all around the building, 2 sets -usually made from stone or marble -more concerned with aesthetics Temple of Fortuna Palestrina - Answers -elaborate victory processional temple -not in Rome -grandly designed (radical) not concerned with tradition or function Victory Temples - Answers -Soldiers/generals would pray to a god to help them win the war, if they won they would build a temple in their honour -had to be approved by the Senate -paid for by victory spoils of general, gets to put images of his family and advertise himself in the temple -had to be uniform in size and shape to fit in the city along the Triumphal route -Triumph through city to the temple -cult statue of god -few allowed to use marble, most stuck to tradition -circular, square or rectangular Wattle and Daub - Answers -used in Regal period for thatched huts -mixture of Manure, mud, and straw -huts made with wooden frame and thatched roof -cheap and easy= flammable, bug-infested, not weather-resistant Mudbrick - Answers -Regal period -made from sunbaking a loaf of mud and clay -used for Etruscan temples -cheap, easy to make long walls=melts in the winter, has to be constantly replastered Wood - Answers -easy, frames made to fit together -made traditional temples Sculpted Stone - Answers -quarried rock from hillside, carved, put together -labor intensive, very few buildings in Republic made from stone -mostly mudbrick and wood Concrete - Answers -Huge innovation for Romans -made from mixture of water, sand, limestone, and volcanic ash -placed bricks in core, sticking out like teeth and poured core (cement mixture between) -quick and very easy to make -could copy Greek marble facades with thin veneer of marble added overtop Pier and Lintel - Answers -archaic design of two posts holding up a lintel (Stonehenge) -used in temples with columns -problem=there had to be very little space between posts, difficult to walk under True Arch - Answers -solution to pier and lintel problem -made with wedge-shaped stones, voussoir, pier, impost and keystone -stones and keystone lock structure in place and keystone delivers downward thrust through two piers -Greeks experimented but didn't like it -From the arch came the dome and vault *Roman Constructions - Answers -Amphitheatre (Colosseum=many arches for people to walk under) -Aqueducts -Atrium Houses -Insulae (arches on bottom and behind walls) -Triumphal Arch (for processions) -Domed Room (Pantheon) *Decorations - Answers -Gilding-- painting gold overtop -Mosaic--floors -Thin panels of marble for walls -Plaster on walls painted to look like columns and panels -Plaster on walls moulded and painted -Textiles, framed paintings Sculptures - Answers -Portrait Sculpture: sculptures of people in the Forum or around the city, had to be approved by the Senate -Veristic style: unlike Greeks who idealized youth and nudity, Romans preferred to show more realistic imagery such as wrinkles to show age for office, deep concern for the state, and imperfections to show their brutal honesty as politicians -changed when Augustus takes power