ACNP Cardio- Questions and Answers
NYHA Functional Classes HF Correct Ans-1. No limitations of physical activity
II. Slight limitations of phys. activity, comfortable at rest
III. Marked limitations but still is comfortable at rest
IV. Severe, symptoms at rest
HTN Correct Ans-sustained systolic pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic
pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, based on BP measurements taken AT LEAST 3 times on 2
different occasions
HTN signs and symptoms Correct Ans-- often times none= "silent killer"
- Suboccipital pilsating headache: early AM, resolving during the day
- Dizziness
-S4 (left ventricular hypertrophy)
-Epistaxis
HTN stage I Correct Ans-without compelling indications: Thiazide
May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB or combo
Post MI HTN Correct Ans-BB, ACEi, aldosterone agonist (like spirolactone)
Recurrent stroke prevention HTN Correct Ans-thiazides, ACEI
, BB Correct Ans-migranes, angina
CCB Correct Ans-in Caucasians, when BB contadicted, pt with a fib/ a.tach; migraines, DM
Adrenergic inhibitors Correct Ans-Act by diminishing the SNS effects that increase BP.
These act centrally in the vasomotor center and peripherally to inhibit norepinephrine release or
to block the adrenergic receptors on blood vessels
Hypertensive emergency/urgency Correct Ans-- Def: elevated Bp with signs of end organ
damage to brain, eyes, heart or kidney.
- Organ damage risk increases when diastolic Bp > 115-130
Urgency- Progressive organ damage
- HTN urgency if high Bp but no signs of organ damage yet
- Get a head CT ASAP!!
Symptoms:
Head: HA, confusion, N/V
Eyes: Blurred vision, diplopia
Cardiac: chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations
NYHA Functional Classes HF Correct Ans-1. No limitations of physical activity
II. Slight limitations of phys. activity, comfortable at rest
III. Marked limitations but still is comfortable at rest
IV. Severe, symptoms at rest
HTN Correct Ans-sustained systolic pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic
pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, based on BP measurements taken AT LEAST 3 times on 2
different occasions
HTN signs and symptoms Correct Ans-- often times none= "silent killer"
- Suboccipital pilsating headache: early AM, resolving during the day
- Dizziness
-S4 (left ventricular hypertrophy)
-Epistaxis
HTN stage I Correct Ans-without compelling indications: Thiazide
May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB or combo
Post MI HTN Correct Ans-BB, ACEi, aldosterone agonist (like spirolactone)
Recurrent stroke prevention HTN Correct Ans-thiazides, ACEI
, BB Correct Ans-migranes, angina
CCB Correct Ans-in Caucasians, when BB contadicted, pt with a fib/ a.tach; migraines, DM
Adrenergic inhibitors Correct Ans-Act by diminishing the SNS effects that increase BP.
These act centrally in the vasomotor center and peripherally to inhibit norepinephrine release or
to block the adrenergic receptors on blood vessels
Hypertensive emergency/urgency Correct Ans-- Def: elevated Bp with signs of end organ
damage to brain, eyes, heart or kidney.
- Organ damage risk increases when diastolic Bp > 115-130
Urgency- Progressive organ damage
- HTN urgency if high Bp but no signs of organ damage yet
- Get a head CT ASAP!!
Symptoms:
Head: HA, confusion, N/V
Eyes: Blurred vision, diplopia
Cardiac: chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations
