ILTS 305 Elementary Education Exam: Comprehensive Study Guide for Language, Math, Science, and More |

ILTS 305 Elementary Education Exam: Comprehensive Study Guide for Language, Math, Science, and More | the set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze, and use information - Information Literacy vowel - A syllable at its minimum requires a three 4-line stanzas followed by a two-line couplet; rhymes are contained within stanza - Sonnett Dig deep - MLA citations for web address. To find the author you must... sentence structure and word order - Syntax involves recognition and production of speech sounds and phonemes (i.e. differentiation, segmentation, blending) - Phonology meanings of word - Semantics social use of language to communicate and meet one's needs - Pragmatics clarify where and how the error was made so student can avoid similar errors in the future - Corrective feedback individuals have difficulty with physical act of writing - dysgraphia H - Spanish-speakers often omit the sound of what letter? group of consonants in which all letters represent a single sound - Consonant digraph smallest measure of language; about 40 in English language -composed of individual letters and letter combinations - Phoneme describe, explain, summarize, restate, classify, review - Words for cognitive objective of comprehension name, label, list, repeat, memorize, order - Words for cognitive objective of knowledge recall calculate, practice, operate, sketch, prepare - Words for cognitive objective of application judge, appraise, evaluate, conclude, predict - Words for cognitive objective of evaluation give a three-minute Test of Silent Contextual Reading four times a year - Silent reading fluency can be best assessed by 20 - Standards for 1-3rd graders expect to read materials regularly that are at the independent level which is text where approximately 1 in ______words or fewer are difficult for the student -strategizing in order to understand meaning of word -knowing multiple meanings of single word -applying background knowledge - Reader can enhance vocabulary by... -written by John Bunyan -religious allegory - Pilgrim's Progress statement that contradicts itself or defeats itself (i.e. exceptions to all general statements) - Fallacy of inconsistency Learning strategies that call on students to ask themselves who, what, where, and how questions as they read material. - self-questioning strategies locate vowels, then locate familiar word parts (Because syllables are formed around vowels) - How to approach multisyllabic word based on speech sounds in words and their alphabetic meaning - Phonological cues how words are arranged and ordered to create meaningful phrases, clauses, and sentences - Syntactic cues based on meanings of morphemes and words and how they combines to create additional meanings - Semantic cues based on readers' purposes for reading and their understanding of how textual structures function in the texts that they read - Pragmatic cues process involves the text, the reader, and the context in which the reading occurs - interactive aspect of reading comprehension assessing students while teaching the unit - Formative assessment given at the end of a unit - Summative assessments usually quizzes or tests - Formal assessments asking students individual questions - Informal assessments use protractor to determine the approximate measures of angles in degrees to nearest whole numbers - Fourth grade standards state students will be able to... V=(pi)r^2h - volume of cylinder A=πr² - Area of circle -King Henry VIII's desire to divorce Catherine of Aragon strengthened English expansionism -Queen Elizabeth's support for Protestant Reformation strengthened English expansionsism -Sir Francis Drake and other English sea captains plundered the Spaniards' plunders of Indians - English Expansionism in 16th century president - Who negotiates treaties? -era of "robber barons" in the business world -got its name from excess of wealthy upper-class -philanthropy Carnegie called "Gospel of Wealth" -term coined because of Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner - The gilded age 100 - Louisiana Purchase increased US territory by ________ percent -TJ initially sent delegation to Paris to see if Napoleon would sell only New Orleans -Napoleon offereed to sell entire territory to U.S. -America only had authority to buy New Orleans - Louisiana Purchase economic theory that nations advance goal of accumulating capital by maintaining trade such that value of exports exceeds that of imports - Mercantilism Supreme Court - Inferior courts are bound to uphold the law as the ______ interprets and rules on it A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments - Federalism supported stronger central government; from Virginia and influential at Constitutional Convention - James Madison specializes in producing the goods and services it can make at a lower opportunity cost and then engages in trade to obtain other goods - Theory of comparative advantage at the Senate - Fillibuster can only occur A general and progressive increase in prices - Inflation 2 years - House of Reps terms 6 years - Senator terms best known for The Prince; Italian Renaissance political philosopher noted for writing more realistic representations and rational interpretations of politics - Niccolo Machiavelli (i.e. magnifying glass); light is refracted and converge - Convex lenses exchanges gases with the environment by delivering oxygen to bloodstream and releasing carbon dioxide - Respiratory system transports nutrients, gases, hormones, and blood to and away from cells - Circulatory system controls movement through three types of muscle tissue - Muscle system controls sensory responses by carrying impulses away from and toward the cell body - Nervous system breaks down food for absorption into the blood stream where it is delivered to cells for respiration - Digestive system number of protons - Atomic number atomic number is equal to number of electrons - if the atom is neutral then -atomic number -reactivity -number of protons - elements in periodic table are arranged into groups and periods and ordered to PV=nRT - Ideal Gas Law formed when intrusion of magma injected between two layers of sedimentary rock forces overlaying strata upward to create dome-like form - Laccolith a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another - Precision A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured. - Accuracy winds that blow west to east between 30 and 60 degrees in the northern and southern hemispheres - prevailing westerlies force acting on an object to cause displacement - Work A stream of electrically charged particles that escape sun's gravitational pull - Solar wind V=IR; voltage=current x resistance - Ohm's law dimension, texture, space - Elements of art The lightness or darkness of a color - Color value The brightness or dullness of a color - Color intensity the name of a color - Color hue learning how spoken language is represented by letters - Phonics future reading success - Phonological awareness is an indicator of? simultaneously - Oral and written language development occur is NOT - Oral language (is/is NOT) a prereq to written language doe NOT occur naturally; occurs within social context - Oral language development (does/does NOT) occur naturally can - Written language development (can/cannot) occur without direct instruction -displaying -graphic organizers -big books - How to recreate a print-rich environment method or strategy used to make sense of printed words and how to correctly pronounce them - Decode ability to read accurately and quickly - Fluency relating two or more pieces of info - comprehension -partner with English-speaking students -encourage to ask Qs -key sentences to be written down -alternate difficult and easy tasks -label objects associated with content areas - Teaching strategies for ESL students two objects in thermodynamic equilibrium with a a third object are also in equilibrium with each other (same temp) - Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics conservation of energy; neither mass nor energy can be destroyed; only converted from one another - First law of thermodynamics entropy of an isolated system can only increase; heat is not transferred from a lower-temp to a higher temp unless additional work is done - Second law of thermodynamics as temperature approaches absolute zero, entropy approaches a constant minimum; system cannot be cooled to absolute zero - Third law of thermodynamics energy transfer from one body or system to another due to thermal contact - Heat measurement of object's stored heat energy - Temperature amount of substance in an object - Mass measure of gravitational pull of Earth on an object - Weight An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force; inertia - Newton's first law object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the object's mass; F=ma - Newton's second law effect of relative motion of the source of the wave and the location of the observer has on waves; pitch of sound is different not because emitted frequency changes but because of received frequency changes - Doppler effect rebound of light wave from a surface back toward the medium from where it came - Reflection change in the direction of light wave when it passes through a transparent medium with a different optical density from the one in which the wave had been traveling -light bends - Refraction uncharged particles contained within the nucleus - Neutrons refers collectively to both neutrons and protons - Nucleon weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom (i.e. N, O, F) - hydrogen bond Formed when one or more electrons are TRANSFERRED from one atom to another - Ionic bond A chemical bond formed when two atoms SHARE electrons - covalent bond homogenous mixture - Solution measurement of hydrogen ions - pH (potential of hydrogen) higher; acidic - lower pH means ______ H+ concentration lower; basic - higher pH means _____ H+ concentration -high polarity -hydrogen bonding -cohesiveness -adhesivenesss -high specific heat -high latent heat -high heat of vaporization - Properties of water (7) -contain carbon -formed by covalent bonds -not highly soluble in water -low melting point -high flammability - Organic compounds requirements (2) area inside chloroplast where reactions occur and starches are created - Stroma experiment showed that DNA not protein is responsible for transferring genetic material - Hershey and chase Spain and France - Countries who first tried to colonize America -mercantilism (colonies would provide raw materials to ensure England would exportsimports) -colonists' desire to be free from religious persecution (Church of England v Catholocism) - Primary reasons for English colonization war over territory between English colonies and French colonies - French and Indian War Treaty of Paris I - What ended the French and Indian War? Intolerable/coercive Acts: -Stamp Act, Tea Acts, Quartering Acts -forced colonies to become dependent on Britain - American Revolution () causes Written by TJ, ratified on July 4, 1776 - Declration of Independence Marked official ending on war -granted independence to the colonies -generous territorial rights - Treaty of Paris (1782) A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. -states were largely self-governed -federal government very weak - Articles of Confederation 1787 -established 3 branches of gov -checks and balances -state and local voting practices - Constitution First 10 amendments to the Constitution - Bill of Rights -Confederalist eras: trying to figure things out, statefederal -Federalist era: federalstate; constitution and bill of rights -Jeffersonian era: American Republicanism; 'equal' rights -Era of good feelings: federalist system collapsed; desire for unity; whigs and democrats -Jacksonian era: voting rights extended; 'common man'; territorial expansion -Civil War: Confederacy seceded -Reconstruction Era: South under strict control -Gilded Age: enormous wealth in few families; robber barons -Progressive Era: export justice, increased foreign trade - Timeline of eras after revolutionary war (CFJGJCRGP)-WWI -originally neutral -Allies - World War I -British ship Luistania sunk by Germans and killed many Americans -Germany trying to get Mexico and Japan to attack us - What causes US to join WWI? -started in 1939 -Pearl Harbor 1941 -declared war on Axis powers - World War II () revolved around idea that if the government stepped back, economy could grow and decrease national debt - Ronald Reagan () divisions of power between central gov and local gov - federalism 1. economic freedom 2. economic incentives 3. competition 4. private ownership 5. limited government - Market economy (5) 1818 - When did IL adopt its first constitution? Two or more consecutive consonants which retain their individual sounds (e.g., /bl/ in block; /str/ in string). - Consonant Blend Two letters make one sound (i.e. church, tion) - Digraph -adopted in 1970 -one preamble, 14 articles, 1 schedule - Current IL constitution an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words -necessary for decoding -teach letter-sound relationships with highest utility first - Alphabetic Principle - coarticulation concepts learned in your first language (L1), transfer to your second language (L2) - L1 and L2 Acquisition (x₁+x₂)/2, (y₁+y₂)/2 - Midpoint formula d = √[( x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²] - Distance Formula A whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. - prime number Supreme Court case which ruled that slaves are not citizens but are property, affirmed that property cannot be interfered with by Congress, slaves do not become free if they travel to free territories or states, fueled abolitionist movement, hailed as victory for the south - Dred scott case separation of church and state - TJ and Deism any situation in which production of a good or service is not efficient - market failure - great depression 'Bread March of Women' was due to bread shortages and increasingly high prices. In 1789 when rumors spread that nobles were hoarding bread, women joined together and stormed Versailles, blaming the situation on Marie Antoinette. - March on Versailles different number of neutrons -differ in mass number (protons + neutrons) - Isotope motions of subatomic particles (nuclei and electrons) - What creates a magnetic field? - Three Tiers of Words when there are four or more authors - When to use et al /p/ like pepper or poppies - What sounds is among the earliest phonemes learned? recognizing the pattern of letters in words that share sound similarities (i.e. rent, sent, bent) - Analogizing in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning (semantics); may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) - Morpheme - Perimeter of a triangle Prices that do not always adjust rapidly to maintain equality between quantity supplied and quantity demanded. - sticky prices Federal spending on programs that are controlled through the regular budget process (i.e. transportation, education, national resources, environment) - discretionary spending Required govt spending by permanent laws (i.e. Medicare, Social Security, federal retirement, Medicaid) - mandatory spending A legal system based on custom and court rulings (i.e. America and Britain) - Common Law covalent compounds - 2 or more non-metallic elements will form covalent compounds with C and H atoms - organic compounds a study designed to describe the meaning of existing phenomena - descriptive study how they are formed - Rocks are classified by... chemical composition and crystal structure - Minerals are classified by higher; lower - Gases have ____ solubility in liquids at _______ temperatures the average distance between the earth and the sun -smaller than light year or parsec - astronomical unit caused by spinning and rotating of electrons in atoms - magnetic field Mars and Jupiter - Asteroid belt is in between which planets? has beats between 120-168 BPM - Allegro tempo 168-200 BPM - Presto tempo 108-120 BPM - Moderato tempo 40-60 BPM - Largo tempo -tempera (oil, eg, turpentine) - Thing to change paint fluidity composer most strongly associated with Romantic Period - Johannes Brahms -magnetic materials -electric current flowing through wire (i.e. iron nail; poles become organized between north and south) - magnetic field can be created by (2) the idea that all elements are made up of atoms; atoms can never be created nor destroyed - atomic theory A molecule composed of one kind of atom; cannot be broken into simpler units by chemical reactions. - elements molecules that contain more than one element - compounds A mixture where substances are distributed evenly. Has a solvent & solute. - solutions a physical combination of substances that can still be separated - mixtures Number of protons and neutrons - atomic mass simple, straightforward pieces that depend clearly on described examples to make their points - example/illustration essays language skills acquired in everyday social communication - Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) formal academic subject content language learning - Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) way in which writer expresses overall attitude - Tone who reader hears speaking in the writing, individual way writer uses to expresses his or her tone - voice effect writer creates through language, mechanics, and attitude - Style specific type of cloze test; multiple choice answers for words that are deleted and reader must supply missing words - Maze Test taking pieces or parts of information or knowledge and bringing them together to create a whole - Synthesis The level at which a reader has 95-100% accuracy in word recognition - Independent Level of Reading reader has 90-95% accuracy - Instructional level of reading reader has less than 90% accuracy - Frustration level of reading 1. silent period 2. formulaic speech 3. structural and semantic simplifications - L1 and L2 stages of development 1. precommunicative 2. semiphonetic 3. phonetic 4. transitional 5. correct - Sequence of spelling development reflected in dictionaries and grammar books and written language -it is NOT universal; differs in pronounciation - Standard English closed, open, silent e, vowel-team, vowel-r, and consonant-le - Syllable types new words sometimes invented by people and then becomes part of our vocab - neologisms 4/3(pi)r^3 - volume of sphere V=1/3Bh -base: length x width - Volume of a pyramid Figures that have the same size and shape - congruent figures A=1/2h(b1+b2) - Area of a trapezoid A=1/2bh - Area of a triangle using different activities to meet the various readiness levels of her students - Differentiated Instruction x sq. rt. 2 - For a 45-45-90 triangle, if each leg is represented by x, what is the hypotenouse? based in london not MA -charter to colonize American land between Hudson and Cape Fear rivers - Virginia companies (london and Plymouth) agreed to work (for free) for a set period of time in exchange for transportation to the new world - Indentured servants T or F: Founding fathers stated in the constitution that the USA would be a democracy - T inevitable conflict between workig class and capitalists who own means of production -proletariat and bourgeoiuse - Marxism Mayans - Ancient civilizations in Central America Incas - Ancient civilizations in south america Aztecs - Ancient civilization in latin america legislative branch divided into two bodies - Bicameralism Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy -then Ottoman Empire - Triple alliance WWI impact of transaction on third parties ont involved in the transaction - Externalities considered by many historians to have contributed to the Industrial Revolution - Protestant work ethic -mass production lead to capitalism -socialism developed as a criticism of capitalism -romanticism to go against the mechanization - Effects of Industrial Revolution one of founders of bacteriology -developed process of heating and cooling food products-- pasteurization -vaccines against rabies an anthrax - - Louis Pasteur VP - Who breaks a tie in the senate d=m/v - Density compares amount of radioactive material in a rock to the amount that has decayed into another element - Absolute dating solve a problem - Scientific method is used to? uses electricity to drive reaction - electroloysis reaction technique with 2 practices: cooperative learning and reading comprehension - collaborative strategic reading blends two or more words (i.e. suitcase, brunch) - portmanteau Students take turns reading from a book. - Round Robin Reading