MSN 6305 FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS.
What are the best nondairy food strategies for achieving sufficient calcium intake? - Answer Dark leafy
greens and beans.
Is it true that people who consume large amounts of calcium from childhood onward will experience the
greatest protection against osteoporosis-related fractures? - Answer Research has consistently shown
this to be UNTRUE. People in nations with the highest dairy & calcium intakes have the highest rates of
osteoporosis-related fractures, not the lowest. (Often times also combined with high meat/dairy intake
and sedentary lifestyle). Extra calcium has even in some studies shown to increase risk of fractures,
despite increased bone density.
What has high consumption of dairy products been linked to? - Answer Development of ovarian and
prostate cancer - particularly metastatic and fatal prostate cancer.
What does appear to make strong, healthy bones? - Answer Vitamin D and weight-bearing exercise.
Children are encouraged to enjoy outdoor activities (exercise plus vitamin D) more so than consuming
dairy products so long as calcium requirements are met.
Why are potatoes and fruit juices often placed in separate categories by dietary guidelines? - Answer
Often, dietary guidance rules place fruit juices and potatoes in separate categories, because of dietary
directives to eat whole fruits and minimize consumption of foods high in fat and sodium, i.e., French
fries.
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, nutrients of concern in the American diet
include ? - Answer potassium, dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin D. Energy density and intake are also
important issues in the American diet.
What is Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)? - Answer Capacity for clearing reactive oxygen
species. Many F/V have high ORAC values. (I.E: collards, kale, brocolli. carrot, watermelon, berries, onion,
potatoes, etc.)
, How many servings of F/V are recommended by US government per day? - Answer 5 but bumping up
to 6 would prevent many diseases (reduction of 31% for ischemic stroke, reduction of 19% for ischemic
heart disease). (Worldwide mortality from inadequate consumption of F/V is estimated at 2.6 million
deaths per year).
What are the leading dietary risk factors for mortality? - Answer Diets high in sodium, low in whole
grains, low in fruit, low in nuts and seeds, low in veg, and low in Omega 3 FAs. Each accounting for more
than 2% of global deaths. (Global Burden of Disease 2019 paper).
Current dietary guidelines work to target foods groups that should be minimized (sugar, fat, sodium, etc.)
however, it is possible that what may work better? - Answer The promotion to consume more of foods
in which current intake is less than optimal such as increasing vegetable intake and whole grains.
(Worldwide a diet low in whole grains most common dietary risk factor for deaths and DALYs - Disability
Adjusted Life Years).
Where is there the strongest evidence for prevention with F/V? - Answer Hypertension, coronary heart
disease, and stroke. No direct influence on Diabetes but may prevent wt gain which is the most
important risk factor.
Green vegetables help with... - Answer Intestinal immune cells (indole-3-cabinol - maintains
intraepithelial lymphocytes - deficits increase risk of intestinal damage).
Mushrooms help with... - Answer Increasing salivary IgA secretion (SIgA) which acts as first line of
immune defense at mucosal surfaces. A lack increases risk of infections.
Blueberries help with... - Answer Increasing natural killer cells (NK) which play a critical role in the
innate immune response to virus-infected tumor-transformed cells.
What does water-soluble fiber (inside plant cells) help with? - Answer Decreasing blood cholesterol
levels. Slows passage of food into intestines (regulating blood sugar). Does not significantly increase fecal
bulk.
What are some sources of water-soluble fiber? - Answer beans, oats, f/v.
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS.
What are the best nondairy food strategies for achieving sufficient calcium intake? - Answer Dark leafy
greens and beans.
Is it true that people who consume large amounts of calcium from childhood onward will experience the
greatest protection against osteoporosis-related fractures? - Answer Research has consistently shown
this to be UNTRUE. People in nations with the highest dairy & calcium intakes have the highest rates of
osteoporosis-related fractures, not the lowest. (Often times also combined with high meat/dairy intake
and sedentary lifestyle). Extra calcium has even in some studies shown to increase risk of fractures,
despite increased bone density.
What has high consumption of dairy products been linked to? - Answer Development of ovarian and
prostate cancer - particularly metastatic and fatal prostate cancer.
What does appear to make strong, healthy bones? - Answer Vitamin D and weight-bearing exercise.
Children are encouraged to enjoy outdoor activities (exercise plus vitamin D) more so than consuming
dairy products so long as calcium requirements are met.
Why are potatoes and fruit juices often placed in separate categories by dietary guidelines? - Answer
Often, dietary guidance rules place fruit juices and potatoes in separate categories, because of dietary
directives to eat whole fruits and minimize consumption of foods high in fat and sodium, i.e., French
fries.
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, nutrients of concern in the American diet
include ? - Answer potassium, dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin D. Energy density and intake are also
important issues in the American diet.
What is Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)? - Answer Capacity for clearing reactive oxygen
species. Many F/V have high ORAC values. (I.E: collards, kale, brocolli. carrot, watermelon, berries, onion,
potatoes, etc.)
, How many servings of F/V are recommended by US government per day? - Answer 5 but bumping up
to 6 would prevent many diseases (reduction of 31% for ischemic stroke, reduction of 19% for ischemic
heart disease). (Worldwide mortality from inadequate consumption of F/V is estimated at 2.6 million
deaths per year).
What are the leading dietary risk factors for mortality? - Answer Diets high in sodium, low in whole
grains, low in fruit, low in nuts and seeds, low in veg, and low in Omega 3 FAs. Each accounting for more
than 2% of global deaths. (Global Burden of Disease 2019 paper).
Current dietary guidelines work to target foods groups that should be minimized (sugar, fat, sodium, etc.)
however, it is possible that what may work better? - Answer The promotion to consume more of foods
in which current intake is less than optimal such as increasing vegetable intake and whole grains.
(Worldwide a diet low in whole grains most common dietary risk factor for deaths and DALYs - Disability
Adjusted Life Years).
Where is there the strongest evidence for prevention with F/V? - Answer Hypertension, coronary heart
disease, and stroke. No direct influence on Diabetes but may prevent wt gain which is the most
important risk factor.
Green vegetables help with... - Answer Intestinal immune cells (indole-3-cabinol - maintains
intraepithelial lymphocytes - deficits increase risk of intestinal damage).
Mushrooms help with... - Answer Increasing salivary IgA secretion (SIgA) which acts as first line of
immune defense at mucosal surfaces. A lack increases risk of infections.
Blueberries help with... - Answer Increasing natural killer cells (NK) which play a critical role in the
innate immune response to virus-infected tumor-transformed cells.
What does water-soluble fiber (inside plant cells) help with? - Answer Decreasing blood cholesterol
levels. Slows passage of food into intestines (regulating blood sugar). Does not significantly increase fecal
bulk.
What are some sources of water-soluble fiber? - Answer beans, oats, f/v.
