CAS1501 Assignment 6 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 2 2024 (731393)

CAS1501 Assignment 6 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 2 2024 (731393) What are the steps (in the correct order) that link a change in the base sequence of a gene to a change in the phenotype of an organism like a mouse or a human? DNA—>RNA—>Protein Protein—>RNA—>DNA RNA—>DNA—>Protein DNA—>Protein—>RNA - Answer DNA—>RNA—>Protein Genotype is to _____ as phenotype is to _____. -DNA base sequence; physical traits that are products of the proteins produced -gene regulation; translation -heredity; DNA base sequence -transcription; amino acid sequence - Answer DNA base sequence; physical traits that are products of the proteins produced Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance, they asked how information was transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. What is the mechanism of information transfer in eukarotes? -Transfer RNA takes information from DNA directly to a ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place. -Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place. -Proteins transfer information from the nucleus to the ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place. -DNA from a single gene is replicated and transferred to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. - Answer Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place. How does the simple primary and secondary structure of DNA hold the information needed to code for the many features of multicellular organisms? -The width of the double helix changes at each gene due to differences in hydrogen bonds. -The hydrogen bonding among backbone constituents carries coded information. -The base sequence of DNA carries the information needed to code for proteins. -The amino acids that make up the DNA molecule contain the information needed to make cellular proteins. - Answer The base sequence of DNA carries the information needed to code for proteins. According to the original central dogma, what macromolecule or phenomenon is directly responsible for an organism's phenotype? -RNA -mutation -protein -transcription -DNA - Answer -protein look @ pic for #6 - Answer 6 Which one of the following is NOT a component of each monomer used to make proteins? -an amino functional group, NH2 -a carboxyl group, COOH -a side chain, R -a phosphorus atom, P - Answer -a phosphorus atom, P What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids? -the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule -the presence of a central C atom -the glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid -the component of the R-group - Answer -the component of the R-group Which type of interaction stabilizes the α-helix and the β-pleated sheet structures of proteins? -peptide bonds -disulfide bonds -hydrophobic interactions -hydrogen bonds -ionic bonds - Answer -hydrogen bonds look @ picture for question 10 - Answer 10 Proteins are polymers of _____. -hydrocarbons -CH2O units -amino acids -glycerol -nucleotides - Answer amino acids What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure? -hydrogen -peptide -ionic -S - S -hydrophobic - Answer -peptide The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. -bonds between sulfur atoms -hydrogen bonds -peptide bonds -hydrophobic interactions -ionic bonds - Answer -hydrogen bonds Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____. -bonds between sulfur atoms -hydrogen bonds -peptide bonds -hydrophobic interactions -ionic bonds - Answer -peptide bonds You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved? -primary structure -secondary structure -tertiary structure -quaternary structure - Answer -primary structure What type of interaction is directly responsible for the formation of secondary structure? -hydrogen bonds between side chains of amino acids -peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids -peptide bonds between nonadjacent amino acids -hydrogen bonds between sections of the polypeptide backbone - Answer -hydrogen bonds between sections of the polypeptide backbone Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein? -spider silk -tendons -ovalbumin