UC Berkeley CogSci 1 Midterm 1 Exam
Questions With Complete Solutions
What is Cognitive Science? - Answer-interdisciplinary study of the mind
/.Levels of Cog Sci - Answer-Cognition and Language (Philosophy, anthropology,
linguistics), Computation and connectionism (computer science, psychology),
computational neurobiology (computational neuroscience, neuroscience, neurobiology),
biology
/.CRUM - Answer-computational, representational, understanding of the mind. the idea
that thinking can best be understood in terms of representation, structures in the mind
and computational procedures that operate on those structures.
/.What materials/mental representations make up our mind? - Answer-concepts,
propositions (declarative knowledge), rules (procedural knowledge), analogies
(reasoning, problem solving, decision making), images (visual imagery).
/.the majority of our thoughts are in ________ - Answer-words
/.What are the 4 stages of analogical reasoning? - Answer-1. Comprehension of the
target problem. 2. Remembering a similar source problem for which a solution is already
known. 3. The source and target are composed and mapped. 4. The source problem is
adapted to produce a solution to the target problem.
/.Where in the brain are concepts formed? - Answer-Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex
/.Where in the brain are propositions formed? - Answer-left hemisphere
/.Where in the brain are rules formed? - Answer-Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex
/.Where in the brain are analogies formed? - Answer-left prefrontal cortex
/.Where in the brain are images formed? - Answer-Occipital lobe
/.What is Phrenology? - Answer-Attributing character traits to an individual based on
relative prominence of regions on the surface of his or her skull, has to do with
localization of function
/.Phineas Gage (Case Study) - Answer-Phineas Gage: railroad worker who survived a
brain injury that changed his personality and behavior;
case study examined the localization of brain function: frontal lobe controls personality
and behavior
, /.What is cognitive neuroscience? - Answer-the study of the structure and processes
underlying cognitive function
/.Synapse - Answer-space between neurons through which they communicate, through
either electrical or chemical signals
/.Action potential - Answer-flow and exchange of ions and potassium in response to a
stimulus
/.what are the two types of brain damage techniques? - Answer-lesion studies and case
study method
/.what is brain mapping? - Answer-similar to regular mapping, goal is to create a 3D
image of the brain that represents both structure and function
/.Mapping by electrophysiological means/single cell recording - Answer-gives info about
connections that link one part of the brain to other parts of the brained principles
according to which these links are ordered.
/.Angiography - Answer-useful in detecting certain disorders associated with
abnormalities in the arteries of the brain.
/.hemorrhage - Answer-heavy bleeding from malformation of brain arteries
/.CT scan - Answer-a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and
combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body,
highly invasive, average temporal resolution, low spatial resolution
/.CAT scan - Answer-a method of creating static images of the brain through
computerized axial tomography. we can deblur the original axial tomographic image and
reconstruct a complete image from multiple views provided by a rotating beam. It is
used to image bone liver and brain.
/.MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - Answer-a technique that uses magnetic fields
and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show
brain anatomy. Cannot be performed if one has metal present in the body. Clearer than
a CAT scan. Allows researcher to see white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid
as well.
/.EEG/ERP - Answer-good temporal resolution, average spatial resolution; uses
electroencephalography to record electrical activity of the brain during cognitive
processing. Attaches electrodes to the outside of ones skull and can detect rapid
change in neural activity. Non-invasive and can be used on people who are fully
conscious
Questions With Complete Solutions
What is Cognitive Science? - Answer-interdisciplinary study of the mind
/.Levels of Cog Sci - Answer-Cognition and Language (Philosophy, anthropology,
linguistics), Computation and connectionism (computer science, psychology),
computational neurobiology (computational neuroscience, neuroscience, neurobiology),
biology
/.CRUM - Answer-computational, representational, understanding of the mind. the idea
that thinking can best be understood in terms of representation, structures in the mind
and computational procedures that operate on those structures.
/.What materials/mental representations make up our mind? - Answer-concepts,
propositions (declarative knowledge), rules (procedural knowledge), analogies
(reasoning, problem solving, decision making), images (visual imagery).
/.the majority of our thoughts are in ________ - Answer-words
/.What are the 4 stages of analogical reasoning? - Answer-1. Comprehension of the
target problem. 2. Remembering a similar source problem for which a solution is already
known. 3. The source and target are composed and mapped. 4. The source problem is
adapted to produce a solution to the target problem.
/.Where in the brain are concepts formed? - Answer-Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex
/.Where in the brain are propositions formed? - Answer-left hemisphere
/.Where in the brain are rules formed? - Answer-Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex
/.Where in the brain are analogies formed? - Answer-left prefrontal cortex
/.Where in the brain are images formed? - Answer-Occipital lobe
/.What is Phrenology? - Answer-Attributing character traits to an individual based on
relative prominence of regions on the surface of his or her skull, has to do with
localization of function
/.Phineas Gage (Case Study) - Answer-Phineas Gage: railroad worker who survived a
brain injury that changed his personality and behavior;
case study examined the localization of brain function: frontal lobe controls personality
and behavior
, /.What is cognitive neuroscience? - Answer-the study of the structure and processes
underlying cognitive function
/.Synapse - Answer-space between neurons through which they communicate, through
either electrical or chemical signals
/.Action potential - Answer-flow and exchange of ions and potassium in response to a
stimulus
/.what are the two types of brain damage techniques? - Answer-lesion studies and case
study method
/.what is brain mapping? - Answer-similar to regular mapping, goal is to create a 3D
image of the brain that represents both structure and function
/.Mapping by electrophysiological means/single cell recording - Answer-gives info about
connections that link one part of the brain to other parts of the brained principles
according to which these links are ordered.
/.Angiography - Answer-useful in detecting certain disorders associated with
abnormalities in the arteries of the brain.
/.hemorrhage - Answer-heavy bleeding from malformation of brain arteries
/.CT scan - Answer-a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and
combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body,
highly invasive, average temporal resolution, low spatial resolution
/.CAT scan - Answer-a method of creating static images of the brain through
computerized axial tomography. we can deblur the original axial tomographic image and
reconstruct a complete image from multiple views provided by a rotating beam. It is
used to image bone liver and brain.
/.MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - Answer-a technique that uses magnetic fields
and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show
brain anatomy. Cannot be performed if one has metal present in the body. Clearer than
a CAT scan. Allows researcher to see white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid
as well.
/.EEG/ERP - Answer-good temporal resolution, average spatial resolution; uses
electroencephalography to record electrical activity of the brain during cognitive
processing. Attaches electrodes to the outside of ones skull and can detect rapid
change in neural activity. Non-invasive and can be used on people who are fully
conscious
