NR 507 Midterm Exam
Hypersensitivity Type 1 - Answer-Type 1: Allergic Reaction
Mediated by IgE
Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
local symptoms: Itching, rash
Systemic symptoms: wheezing
Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction-systemic hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2 - Answer-Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific (thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe transfusion reaction occurs and the
transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference - Answer-Type 2: Organ-specific, the antibody binds to an
antigen on the cell surface
, Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood or body fluids and then the complex is distributed into tissues
Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples - Answer-Rheumatoid Arthritis: antigen/antibodies are deposited in
the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies deposit in
organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune response - Answer-rash confined to
cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly)
photosensitivity
oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis
serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - Answer-Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several members may have other disorders
characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions that include autoimmune or allergic reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Hypersensitivity Type 1 - Answer-Type 1: Allergic Reaction
Mediated by IgE
Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
local symptoms: Itching, rash
Systemic symptoms: wheezing
Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction-systemic hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2 - Answer-Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific (thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe transfusion reaction occurs and the
transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference - Answer-Type 2: Organ-specific, the antibody binds to an
antigen on the cell surface
, Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood or body fluids and then the complex is distributed into tissues
Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples - Answer-Rheumatoid Arthritis: antigen/antibodies are deposited in
the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies deposit in
organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune response - Answer-rash confined to
cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly)
photosensitivity
oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis
serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmunity - Answer-Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several members may have other disorders
characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions that include autoimmune or allergic reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
