Unit 1- Sport BTEC LEVEL 3 Anatomy and
Physiology Exam Q’s and A’s
What is Kyphosis? - -Is when the back forms a hunched shape
- What is scoliosis? - -Lateral curvature of the spine.
- What is Nuetral spine alignment? - -The spine forms an S shape when
viewed from the side.
- What what are bone cells comprised of? - -Osteoblasts which form bone by
secreting collagen.
Osteoclasts, which dissolve bone mineral.
- Leverage - -the length of the bone determines how much leverage you
have
- Weight bearing - -Bones at the pelvis and legs are strong and thick so they
can take weight of skeleton.
- Protection - -Vital organs are protected from damage due to bone.
- What are the function of a long bone? - -Source of red blood cell
production, Enable large movement and acts a levers
- Types of Bone - -long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
- What is the function of a short bone? - -Increase stability, weight bearing
and absorbs shock.
- What is the function of the sesamoid bones? - -Easy joint movement and
resist friction.
- Functions of flat bones - -Protect vital organs and enables muscle
attachment and produce blood cells.
- Categories of joints in the body - -Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
- What are the types of synovial joints? - -Ball and socket, hinge, pivot,
gliding, saddle, and condyloid.
- What what are the components of the synovial joint? - -Muscle, bone,
bursa, articular cartillage, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, joint capsule,
synovial membrane, ligament and tendon.
, - What is the function of articular cartilage? - -reduces friction and absorbes
shock.
- What is the function of Ligaments? - -Connect bone to bone
- What is the function of synovial membrane? - -Secretes synovial fluid
- What is the function of bursa? - -Found in most major synovial joint which
reduces friction.
- Flexion - -Flexion means reducing the angle of the bones forming the Joint.
- What is Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion? - -Movement that occurs only at
the ankle. Plantarflextion is positioning toes down.
- What is Abduction? - -A sideways lateral movement way from the body
- What is Adduction? - -Bringing bone at the Joint closer to the midline.
- What is Lateral Flextion of the spine? - -Spine moves from side to side.
Cervical vertebrae such as moving neck sideways. Thoracic and lumber
vertebrae such as moving the upper body.
- What is a skeletal response? - -These are the immediate, short term ways
that the skeletal system reacts when you excersie.
- Responses of the skeletal system to exercise within a joint? - -Reduction of
viscosity of synovial fluid and increased pliability of the ligaments
- What are skeletal adaptations? - -These are the long term ways the
skeletal system changed due to regular exercise.
- Adaptations of the skeletal system - -Increase in bone density and
strength, Increased ligament strength
- What is arthritis? - -A disease of the skeleton and can affect people of all
ages. Mainly developed in those over 40 (rheumatoid arthritis). Women are
more susceptible than men.
- What is Osteoarthritis? - -Causes articular cartilage to thin it causes pain
and lack of mobility.
- What is Osteoporosis? - -Is the reduction in bone density and is causes by
a lack of calcium. This will make the bones brittle.
Physiology Exam Q’s and A’s
What is Kyphosis? - -Is when the back forms a hunched shape
- What is scoliosis? - -Lateral curvature of the spine.
- What is Nuetral spine alignment? - -The spine forms an S shape when
viewed from the side.
- What what are bone cells comprised of? - -Osteoblasts which form bone by
secreting collagen.
Osteoclasts, which dissolve bone mineral.
- Leverage - -the length of the bone determines how much leverage you
have
- Weight bearing - -Bones at the pelvis and legs are strong and thick so they
can take weight of skeleton.
- Protection - -Vital organs are protected from damage due to bone.
- What are the function of a long bone? - -Source of red blood cell
production, Enable large movement and acts a levers
- Types of Bone - -long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
- What is the function of a short bone? - -Increase stability, weight bearing
and absorbs shock.
- What is the function of the sesamoid bones? - -Easy joint movement and
resist friction.
- Functions of flat bones - -Protect vital organs and enables muscle
attachment and produce blood cells.
- Categories of joints in the body - -Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
- What are the types of synovial joints? - -Ball and socket, hinge, pivot,
gliding, saddle, and condyloid.
- What what are the components of the synovial joint? - -Muscle, bone,
bursa, articular cartillage, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, joint capsule,
synovial membrane, ligament and tendon.
, - What is the function of articular cartilage? - -reduces friction and absorbes
shock.
- What is the function of Ligaments? - -Connect bone to bone
- What is the function of synovial membrane? - -Secretes synovial fluid
- What is the function of bursa? - -Found in most major synovial joint which
reduces friction.
- Flexion - -Flexion means reducing the angle of the bones forming the Joint.
- What is Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion? - -Movement that occurs only at
the ankle. Plantarflextion is positioning toes down.
- What is Abduction? - -A sideways lateral movement way from the body
- What is Adduction? - -Bringing bone at the Joint closer to the midline.
- What is Lateral Flextion of the spine? - -Spine moves from side to side.
Cervical vertebrae such as moving neck sideways. Thoracic and lumber
vertebrae such as moving the upper body.
- What is a skeletal response? - -These are the immediate, short term ways
that the skeletal system reacts when you excersie.
- Responses of the skeletal system to exercise within a joint? - -Reduction of
viscosity of synovial fluid and increased pliability of the ligaments
- What are skeletal adaptations? - -These are the long term ways the
skeletal system changed due to regular exercise.
- Adaptations of the skeletal system - -Increase in bone density and
strength, Increased ligament strength
- What is arthritis? - -A disease of the skeleton and can affect people of all
ages. Mainly developed in those over 40 (rheumatoid arthritis). Women are
more susceptible than men.
- What is Osteoarthritis? - -Causes articular cartilage to thin it causes pain
and lack of mobility.
- What is Osteoporosis? - -Is the reduction in bone density and is causes by
a lack of calcium. This will make the bones brittle.
