A
VI
TU
IS
M
O
MSN 570 Advanced
A
N
Pathophysiology Study
JP
Guide 2024 Perfect for
Exam Prep GRADE A+
, Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER characterized by massive proteinuria caused by
glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the mainstay; Associated with
glomerulonephritis and with an immune response that is noninflammatory.
Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal - ANSWER Lesions that involve all or most (>
50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions that involve some (< 50%)
of the glomeruli are termed focal (e.g., focal segmental glomerulonephritis).
A
Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental - ANSWER When a whole glomerulus
VI
(singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the lesion is considered
segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the glomerulus is affected.
TU
Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli, and most
forms occur as a result of activation of immune mechanisms.
Nephritic syndrome - ANSWER Associated with glomerulonephritis and an immune
IS
response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage of leukocytes, red blood
cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result of inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.) Salt retention -- periorbital edema
M
and hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCs in urine--
Immune Complex deposition activated Complement; C5a attracts neutrophils which
O
mediate the damage
Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to an increase in
A
glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement membrane). In the extra
capillary space, this forms specific lesions that are termed crescents, which are made of
N
macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells. These crescent cells accumulate in the
Bowman space and represent a rupture of the capsule.
JP
sclerosing structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to glomerular scar
formation, and when the scarring is between the glomerulus and tubules, it is referred to
as interstitial fibrosis.
necrotizing structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to cellular death.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
VI
TU
IS
M
O
MSN 570 Advanced
A
N
Pathophysiology Study
JP
Guide 2024 Perfect for
Exam Prep GRADE A+
, Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER characterized by massive proteinuria caused by
glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the mainstay; Associated with
glomerulonephritis and with an immune response that is noninflammatory.
Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal - ANSWER Lesions that involve all or most (>
50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions that involve some (< 50%)
of the glomeruli are termed focal (e.g., focal segmental glomerulonephritis).
A
Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental - ANSWER When a whole glomerulus
VI
(singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the lesion is considered
segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the glomerulus is affected.
TU
Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli, and most
forms occur as a result of activation of immune mechanisms.
Nephritic syndrome - ANSWER Associated with glomerulonephritis and an immune
IS
response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage of leukocytes, red blood
cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result of inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.) Salt retention -- periorbital edema
M
and hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCs in urine--
Immune Complex deposition activated Complement; C5a attracts neutrophils which
O
mediate the damage
Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to an increase in
A
glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement membrane). In the extra
capillary space, this forms specific lesions that are termed crescents, which are made of
N
macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells. These crescent cells accumulate in the
Bowman space and represent a rupture of the capsule.
JP
sclerosing structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to glomerular scar
formation, and when the scarring is between the glomerulus and tubules, it is referred to
as interstitial fibrosis.
necrotizing structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to cellular death.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
