AADE Final Diabetes Exam Rated A+
- ANSWER-Biguanide (Metformin):
under the insulin sensitizer catagory; suppresses hepatic glucose production
Thiazolidinediones (TZD):
insulin sensitizer; improves peripheral insulin sensitivity
Sulfonylureas:
insulin secretagogues; stimulates insulin secretion from pancreas; has a long lasting
effect
Metglitinides:
insulin secretagogues; short acting; taken with meals; lower risk of hypoglycemia
- eat a variety of foods
-try not too eat too much of one food
-space meals out evenly throughout the day
-avoid skipping meals - ANSWER-What are 4 general concepts recommended by the
American Diabetes Association that characterize a healthy diet?
- fear that their loved one will develop complications
-stress of wanting to help, but not knowing how
-anxiety about trying to learn everything about diabetes
-fear about what to do in an emergency
-the stress of changing their lifestyle to be better for you - ANSWER-List two ways
friends and family of somebody with diabetes can be emotionally impacted.
- Obtain optimal metabolic outcomes
-Prevent and treat chronic complications
-Enhance health
-Address individual nutrition needs - ANSWER-List 2 goals of medical nutrition therapy
for diabetes.
- return blood glucose levels to normal range
-return lipid profile to healthy range to reduce macrovascular disease risk
-return blood pressure levels to normal range to reduce vascular disease risk -
ANSWER-List at least two examples of obtaining optimal metabolic outcomes?
-loss to follow up
-increased risk of acute complications
-psychosocial issues
-sexual and reproductive health
-alcohol, smoking, drug abuse
,-signs of chronic complications - ANSWER-List some possible concerns in regards to
the emerging adult with diabetes.
-The health system
-Delivery system design
-Decision support
-Clinical information system
-Self management support
-Community involvement - ANSWER-What are the 6 interrelated elements for effective
care for chronic disease?
-to identify who is more likely to develop type I diabetes before beta cells are destroyed
-to monitor progression of other complications such as neurophathy - ANSWER-How
may certain biomarkers be used with future treatment/prevention of diabetes?
-weight loss, exercise, metformin, thiazolidenedione, and salycylates - ANSWER-List
the 5 intervention/prevention strategies that act only on insulin action.
??? - ANSWER-Foot care may seem arbitrary, but it is extremely important and is
emphasized in diabetes self-care. How can such a basic task be lifesaving to someone
with diabetes? Your answer should include the pathophysiology of diabetic foot ulcers,
and the consequences of going long periods of time without proper foot care. Also
include the current recommendations on how to properly check feet, and how often
someone with diabetes should have their feet checked by a health care professional.
•Limiting saturated fat to <7% of total caloric intake.
•Minimizing consumption of trans fats.
•Limiting dietary cholesterol to <200 mg/day.
•Consuming two or more servings of non-commercially fried fish weekly. - ANSWER-
What dietary recommendations does the ADA make for fat and cholesterol intake for
diabetics?
<7% - ANSWER-In diabetes management, one should limit their saturated fat intake to
______________ of their total intake.
<7%
<11%
<15%
between 9-12%
$211,000 - ANSWER-If you are diagnosed with diabetes at 40 years old, you will spend
about ________________ on diabetes related costs during your lifetime.
$211,000
$300,000
$50,000
, $100,000
1 year - ANSWER-1-2 people out of 10 die within _________ of getting a pancreas
transplant.
2 years
1 year
5 years
3 years
1. Meet the discipline/licensure requirements
2. Obtain minimum professional practice experience providing DSME
3. Obtain minimum continuing education hours
4. Apply and pay the application fee - ANSWER-For diabetes educators who have not
previously taken or passed the registration examination, it is necessary to complete the
following requirements before sitting for the exam:
1. Phosphagen system (ATP-PC) is used within the first 10-15 secs of exercise
2. Anaerobic glycolysis is the primary pathway between 10-15s and 2-3 min of exercise
3. Aerobic glycolysis is the dominant source after 2-3 min of exercise - ANSWER-
identify the three energy pathways of the body and the timing when each system is the
dominant fuel from the onset of exercise
1) Check blood glucose levels: 100-110mg/dL
2) NO pre-exercise CHO ingestion
3) NO reduction in pre-exercise insulin dose ; might even need small post exercise
injection to help reduce post exercise hyperglycemia
Remember, intense exercise increases chances for hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes. -
ANSWER-What are the guidelines for intense exercise in type 1 diabetes?
1) increase number of GLUT-4 vessicles within the cell
2) up-regulation of AMPK enzyme activity
3) increase lipid oxidation activity and mitochrondria biogenesis (makes more
mitochondria)
All three of these work to increase insulin sensitivity; better fuel utilization. - ANSWER-
List the 3 physiological adaptations that occur as a result of physical activity in type 2
diabetes (think cellular level)
1) Onset of action: this affects timing of administration
2) Peak Affect: when will the insulin have it's most potent impact
3) Duration of action: predicts frequency of dosing
4) Compatibility with other insulins or other medications - ANSWER-You are prescribing
insulin to a newly diagnosed type 1 patient. What are the 4 key points of insulin that are
essential for the patient to know and understand?
- ANSWER-Biguanide (Metformin):
under the insulin sensitizer catagory; suppresses hepatic glucose production
Thiazolidinediones (TZD):
insulin sensitizer; improves peripheral insulin sensitivity
Sulfonylureas:
insulin secretagogues; stimulates insulin secretion from pancreas; has a long lasting
effect
Metglitinides:
insulin secretagogues; short acting; taken with meals; lower risk of hypoglycemia
- eat a variety of foods
-try not too eat too much of one food
-space meals out evenly throughout the day
-avoid skipping meals - ANSWER-What are 4 general concepts recommended by the
American Diabetes Association that characterize a healthy diet?
- fear that their loved one will develop complications
-stress of wanting to help, but not knowing how
-anxiety about trying to learn everything about diabetes
-fear about what to do in an emergency
-the stress of changing their lifestyle to be better for you - ANSWER-List two ways
friends and family of somebody with diabetes can be emotionally impacted.
- Obtain optimal metabolic outcomes
-Prevent and treat chronic complications
-Enhance health
-Address individual nutrition needs - ANSWER-List 2 goals of medical nutrition therapy
for diabetes.
- return blood glucose levels to normal range
-return lipid profile to healthy range to reduce macrovascular disease risk
-return blood pressure levels to normal range to reduce vascular disease risk -
ANSWER-List at least two examples of obtaining optimal metabolic outcomes?
-loss to follow up
-increased risk of acute complications
-psychosocial issues
-sexual and reproductive health
-alcohol, smoking, drug abuse
,-signs of chronic complications - ANSWER-List some possible concerns in regards to
the emerging adult with diabetes.
-The health system
-Delivery system design
-Decision support
-Clinical information system
-Self management support
-Community involvement - ANSWER-What are the 6 interrelated elements for effective
care for chronic disease?
-to identify who is more likely to develop type I diabetes before beta cells are destroyed
-to monitor progression of other complications such as neurophathy - ANSWER-How
may certain biomarkers be used with future treatment/prevention of diabetes?
-weight loss, exercise, metformin, thiazolidenedione, and salycylates - ANSWER-List
the 5 intervention/prevention strategies that act only on insulin action.
??? - ANSWER-Foot care may seem arbitrary, but it is extremely important and is
emphasized in diabetes self-care. How can such a basic task be lifesaving to someone
with diabetes? Your answer should include the pathophysiology of diabetic foot ulcers,
and the consequences of going long periods of time without proper foot care. Also
include the current recommendations on how to properly check feet, and how often
someone with diabetes should have their feet checked by a health care professional.
•Limiting saturated fat to <7% of total caloric intake.
•Minimizing consumption of trans fats.
•Limiting dietary cholesterol to <200 mg/day.
•Consuming two or more servings of non-commercially fried fish weekly. - ANSWER-
What dietary recommendations does the ADA make for fat and cholesterol intake for
diabetics?
<7% - ANSWER-In diabetes management, one should limit their saturated fat intake to
______________ of their total intake.
<7%
<11%
<15%
between 9-12%
$211,000 - ANSWER-If you are diagnosed with diabetes at 40 years old, you will spend
about ________________ on diabetes related costs during your lifetime.
$211,000
$300,000
$50,000
, $100,000
1 year - ANSWER-1-2 people out of 10 die within _________ of getting a pancreas
transplant.
2 years
1 year
5 years
3 years
1. Meet the discipline/licensure requirements
2. Obtain minimum professional practice experience providing DSME
3. Obtain minimum continuing education hours
4. Apply and pay the application fee - ANSWER-For diabetes educators who have not
previously taken or passed the registration examination, it is necessary to complete the
following requirements before sitting for the exam:
1. Phosphagen system (ATP-PC) is used within the first 10-15 secs of exercise
2. Anaerobic glycolysis is the primary pathway between 10-15s and 2-3 min of exercise
3. Aerobic glycolysis is the dominant source after 2-3 min of exercise - ANSWER-
identify the three energy pathways of the body and the timing when each system is the
dominant fuel from the onset of exercise
1) Check blood glucose levels: 100-110mg/dL
2) NO pre-exercise CHO ingestion
3) NO reduction in pre-exercise insulin dose ; might even need small post exercise
injection to help reduce post exercise hyperglycemia
Remember, intense exercise increases chances for hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes. -
ANSWER-What are the guidelines for intense exercise in type 1 diabetes?
1) increase number of GLUT-4 vessicles within the cell
2) up-regulation of AMPK enzyme activity
3) increase lipid oxidation activity and mitochrondria biogenesis (makes more
mitochondria)
All three of these work to increase insulin sensitivity; better fuel utilization. - ANSWER-
List the 3 physiological adaptations that occur as a result of physical activity in type 2
diabetes (think cellular level)
1) Onset of action: this affects timing of administration
2) Peak Affect: when will the insulin have it's most potent impact
3) Duration of action: predicts frequency of dosing
4) Compatibility with other insulins or other medications - ANSWER-You are prescribing
insulin to a newly diagnosed type 1 patient. What are the 4 key points of insulin that are
essential for the patient to know and understand?
