PHSC 210 Chapter 5
1. energy produced by earthquakes which travels through rocks: waveforms
2. compressional -><- (easy for rocks to withstand), tensional <--> , shear (on
the side) (not easy to withstand): types of forces within the earth
3. bends and breaks
folds- forces bend when soft
fault- rock was hard and broke: folds and faults
4. when sedimentary rocks are deposited, they are laid down as flat, horizontal
layers: Law of Original Horizontality
5. U shaped fold and upside down U shaped fold: syncline and anticline
6. overturned soup bowl, and basin is the opposite: dome and basin
7. upper part of the fault/ top of the mine tunnel: hanging wall/hanging block
8. dip slip
strike slip
oblique slip: three types of faults
9. vertical, causes rocks on each side of the fault to move up and down in
relationship to each other
hanging wall will move either up or down compared to the footwall: dip slip fault
10. horizontal movement
if standing on surface, rocks on each side will move horizontally in relation-
ship with one another: strike slip faults
11. combination of dip slip and strike slip
vertical and horizontal movements: oblique slip faults
12. normal fault- hanging wall shifts down with respect to footwall
reverse fault- hanging wall shifts up with respect to footwall
thrust fault- if reverse fault has particularly shallow angle: ways to describe the
movement of dip slip faults
13. why moving rocks produce an earthquake
rocks bend slightly but snap: elastic rebound theory
14. when the earthquake happens, energy in the form of these propagates from
the focus of the earthquake: seismic waves
15. point on the earth's surface directly above the focus: epicenter
16. energy of the earthquake: moment magnitude scale
17. travel along the surface of the earth
love and Rayleigh: surface waves
18. energy travels down into the earth
travel faster than surface waves
primary and secondary: body waves
19. primary waves- p waves, compressional waves, cause the rock to expand
and contract as they travel like sound or a Slinky, travel faster than any other
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1. energy produced by earthquakes which travels through rocks: waveforms
2. compressional -><- (easy for rocks to withstand), tensional <--> , shear (on
the side) (not easy to withstand): types of forces within the earth
3. bends and breaks
folds- forces bend when soft
fault- rock was hard and broke: folds and faults
4. when sedimentary rocks are deposited, they are laid down as flat, horizontal
layers: Law of Original Horizontality
5. U shaped fold and upside down U shaped fold: syncline and anticline
6. overturned soup bowl, and basin is the opposite: dome and basin
7. upper part of the fault/ top of the mine tunnel: hanging wall/hanging block
8. dip slip
strike slip
oblique slip: three types of faults
9. vertical, causes rocks on each side of the fault to move up and down in
relationship to each other
hanging wall will move either up or down compared to the footwall: dip slip fault
10. horizontal movement
if standing on surface, rocks on each side will move horizontally in relation-
ship with one another: strike slip faults
11. combination of dip slip and strike slip
vertical and horizontal movements: oblique slip faults
12. normal fault- hanging wall shifts down with respect to footwall
reverse fault- hanging wall shifts up with respect to footwall
thrust fault- if reverse fault has particularly shallow angle: ways to describe the
movement of dip slip faults
13. why moving rocks produce an earthquake
rocks bend slightly but snap: elastic rebound theory
14. when the earthquake happens, energy in the form of these propagates from
the focus of the earthquake: seismic waves
15. point on the earth's surface directly above the focus: epicenter
16. energy of the earthquake: moment magnitude scale
17. travel along the surface of the earth
love and Rayleigh: surface waves
18. energy travels down into the earth
travel faster than surface waves
primary and secondary: body waves
19. primary waves- p waves, compressional waves, cause the rock to expand
and contract as they travel like sound or a Slinky, travel faster than any other
1/4
