MN553 Unit 5

MN553 Unit 5
Examples of biguonides - -Metformin

Fortamet

Glucophage

- Biguanides MOA - -Activates AMP-kinase to hepatic glucose production

- Buganides advantages - -Weight neutral

No hypoglycemia

Modest decline in LDL

- SE of biguanides - -Nausea

Diarrhea

Cramps

Rarely harmful buildup of lactic acid (lactic acidosis)

- Examples of sulfonylureas - -Glipizide (Gluctrol)

Clmepride (Amaryl)

Glyburide

Glipazide

- Sulfonylureas MOA - -Closes KATP channels on beta cell plasma
membranes

Insulin secretion

- Examples of rapid acting insulin - -Lispro (Humalog)

Aspart (Novolog)

Glulisine (Apidra)

- Rapid acting insulin onset - -About 5 minutes

, - Rapid acting insulin peak - -About 1 hour

- Rapid acting insulin duration - -4-5 hours

- Examples of short acting insulin - -"Regular" (Humalin)

- When is Humalin sometimes used - -Around meal time

- When ins Humalin taken - -About 30-45 minutes before eating

- When does Humalin peak - -3-4 hours

- Humalin duration - -4-10 hours

- Characteristics of inermediate acting insulin - -Normal pressure
hydrocephalus mixed with protamine

Delaying absorption

Looks cloudy and has to be mixed before it is injected

- Intermediate insulin onset - -30 minutes to 1 hour

- Intermediate insulin peak - -4-10 hours

- Intermediate insulin duration - -12-24 hours

- Examples of long acting insulin - -Glargine (Lantus)

Detemir (Levemir)

Degludec (Tresiba)

- Long acting insulin onset - -2-4 hours

- Long acting insulin duration - -24 hours with little to no peak

- Sulfonylureas advantages - -Microvascular risk

- Sulfonylureas SE - -Hypoglycemia

Weight gain

Nausea