Comprehensive ASWB BSW Masters Exam Test Questions and Answers.
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development - ANS--Theory of how humans acquire knowledge; through
interacting with their environment and people in it. Four stages:
1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal Operational
Sensorimotor Stage - ANS-0-2 years of age
-learning Object Permanence
-exploring world through own movements and sensations
-learning that their actions cause things to happen in the world
Pre-Operational - ANS--2-7 years old
-magical thinking
-assimiliation-bring new information into existing schemas
-egocentric
-concrete thinking
Concrete Operational - ANS--7-11 years old
-Accomodation-new information causes modification of schema to incorporate new info
-rules of logic are developed
-beginning of abstract thought
Formal Operations - ANS--11 to maturity
-Abstract thinking
-thinks hypothetically
-assumes adult roles and responsibilities
,Erickson's Stages of Development - ANS-Theory of socialization development
Personality develops across the lifespan
Identity crises are the focal point of each stage
8-stages
Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS-1-2 years old
-we learn that if we can trust now, we can experience others in the future
-if we experience fear, we develop doubt and mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame - ANS-2-4 years old
-we discover ourselves and ask, "is it OK to be me?"
-if 'yes' we develop self confidence
-if 'no' we develop shame and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt - ANS-4-5 years old (preschool)
-we ask, "is it ok for me to do what I'm doing?"
-if 'yes' we learn to follow our interests
-if 'no' we are held back or told what we do is silly and we develop guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority - ANS-5-12 years old
-discover our own interest and realize we are different from others
-want to show we can do things right
-if we receive recognition, we develop industry
-if we get too much negative feedback, we feel inferior and become unmotivated
Identity vs. Role-Confusion - ANS-13-19 years old
-we learn we have different social roles
-if our parents allow us to go out and explore we develop an identity
, -if they push us to conform, we'll experience role confusion and feel lost
Intimacy vs. Isolation - ANS-20-40 years old
-we start to understand who we are; we start to let go of the relationships we built earlier in life
to fit in
-we ask ourselves if we can love
-if we make long term commitments, we are confidant and happy
-if we can't form intimate relationships, we end up feeling isolated
Generativity vs. Stagnation - ANS-40-65 years old
-we become more comfortable; maybe contributing to society
-if we feel like we can lead the next generation into the world we feel happy
-if we don't resolve some earlier conflicts, we become pessimistic and experience stagnation
Ego-Integrity vs. Despair - ANS-65-death
-"how have I done?"
-'good', we develop ego integrity
-'not good', we develop despair
Freud's Psychosexual Stages - ANS-tension between conflict and pleasure
-when fixation occurs it can have a life long effect
-5 stages
-Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Oral Stage - ANS--mouth fixation
-0-1 year of age
-fixation: excessive smoking, overeating, dependence on others or aggression
Anal Stage - ANS--anal fixation
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development - ANS--Theory of how humans acquire knowledge; through
interacting with their environment and people in it. Four stages:
1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal Operational
Sensorimotor Stage - ANS-0-2 years of age
-learning Object Permanence
-exploring world through own movements and sensations
-learning that their actions cause things to happen in the world
Pre-Operational - ANS--2-7 years old
-magical thinking
-assimiliation-bring new information into existing schemas
-egocentric
-concrete thinking
Concrete Operational - ANS--7-11 years old
-Accomodation-new information causes modification of schema to incorporate new info
-rules of logic are developed
-beginning of abstract thought
Formal Operations - ANS--11 to maturity
-Abstract thinking
-thinks hypothetically
-assumes adult roles and responsibilities
,Erickson's Stages of Development - ANS-Theory of socialization development
Personality develops across the lifespan
Identity crises are the focal point of each stage
8-stages
Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS-1-2 years old
-we learn that if we can trust now, we can experience others in the future
-if we experience fear, we develop doubt and mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame - ANS-2-4 years old
-we discover ourselves and ask, "is it OK to be me?"
-if 'yes' we develop self confidence
-if 'no' we develop shame and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt - ANS-4-5 years old (preschool)
-we ask, "is it ok for me to do what I'm doing?"
-if 'yes' we learn to follow our interests
-if 'no' we are held back or told what we do is silly and we develop guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority - ANS-5-12 years old
-discover our own interest and realize we are different from others
-want to show we can do things right
-if we receive recognition, we develop industry
-if we get too much negative feedback, we feel inferior and become unmotivated
Identity vs. Role-Confusion - ANS-13-19 years old
-we learn we have different social roles
-if our parents allow us to go out and explore we develop an identity
, -if they push us to conform, we'll experience role confusion and feel lost
Intimacy vs. Isolation - ANS-20-40 years old
-we start to understand who we are; we start to let go of the relationships we built earlier in life
to fit in
-we ask ourselves if we can love
-if we make long term commitments, we are confidant and happy
-if we can't form intimate relationships, we end up feeling isolated
Generativity vs. Stagnation - ANS-40-65 years old
-we become more comfortable; maybe contributing to society
-if we feel like we can lead the next generation into the world we feel happy
-if we don't resolve some earlier conflicts, we become pessimistic and experience stagnation
Ego-Integrity vs. Despair - ANS-65-death
-"how have I done?"
-'good', we develop ego integrity
-'not good', we develop despair
Freud's Psychosexual Stages - ANS-tension between conflict and pleasure
-when fixation occurs it can have a life long effect
-5 stages
-Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Oral Stage - ANS--mouth fixation
-0-1 year of age
-fixation: excessive smoking, overeating, dependence on others or aggression
Anal Stage - ANS--anal fixation
