PATHO EXAM 2 - QUESTIONS NYU
SLATER WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
A a2 ay/o adiagnosed awith aotitis amedia awith aeffusion. aWhich aof athe afollowing amight
abe afound ain athis acondition?
a. afever
b. aPain
c. aRhinorrhea
d. afatigue a- a✔✔b a(Rationale: athe afluid abuild-up, ain athe amiddle aear, acauses
adiscomfort aand apain.)
When acaring afor aa apatient awith aMénière aSyndrome. aHow awould ayou aexplain awhat
ais acausing athe asyndrome ato aoccur?
a. a"Fluid abuilds aup ain athe ainner aear, acausing athe astructure ain athis aarea ato aaffect
aother astructures aincluding athe acochlea aand avestibule aleading ato athe asymptoms
ayou aare aexperiencing."
b. a"this ais aan aautoimmune acondition; ait's anot aa abig adeal."
c. a"You awill anever abe aable ato aswim aagain"
d. a"Due ato afluid abuild aup, ayou ashould aavoid awater ain ayour aears." a- a✔✔a
a(Rationale: aMénière adisease/syndrome aoccurs adue ato afluid abuildup ain athe ainner
aear acausing apressure ato abuild aon athe a*cochlea aand avestibule*.)
Sensorineural ahearing aloss ais:
a. acaused aby aan aautoimmune acondition
b. aa aresult aof aneurogenic ashock
c. aoften apermanent, aresulting afrom adisease, atrauma, aor agenetic adefect
d. auntreatable a- a✔✔c a(Rationale: aOccurs adue ato apermanent adamage ato athe
acochlea aof athe ainner aear. aMay aoccur adue ato adisease, atrauma, aor agenetic adefect.)
Which aof athe afollowing ais acaused aby aan airregular acurvature aof athe acornea aor
alens?
a. amyopia
b. ahyperopia
c. aamblyopia
,d. adiplopia a- a✔✔b a(*Hyperopia*, afarsightedness, arelates ato aan aabnormal acurvature
athat aleads ato athe afocal apoint abeing abeyond athe aback aof athe aeye.)
A apatient apresents awith aredness, aitchiness aand awatering aof ahis aleft aeye. aThere ais
aa amild aamount aof aclear adrainage. aThis apresentation ais amost aconsistent awith:
a. aTypical abacterial aconjunctivitis
b. aViral aconjunctivitis
c. aChalmydia atrachomatis aconjunctivitis
d. aretinal adetachment a- a✔✔b
In aa apatient awith amacular adegeneration, awhich aof athe afollowing awould ayou abe
aconcerned afor adue ato atheir aloss aof avision?
a. afalls
b. aincreased aintraocular apressure
c. avertigo
d. anausea a- a✔✔a a(Rationale: aAs athe aindividual ahas acentral avision aloss, athey
abecome aa ahigher afall arisk.)
When aexplaining aprimary aopen aangle aglaucoma ato aan aolder aadult awith athe
adisease, awhich aof athe afollowing awould abe aa acorrect astatement ayou acould amake
ato athe apatient aregarding athe adisease?
a. a"This ais anot aa abig adeal, ano aneed ato aworry."
b. a"You awill aneed asurgery aimmediately."
c. a"Glasses ashould acorrect athe aissue."
d. a"Increased apressure ain ayour aeye awill aslowly alead ato aa aloss aof avision aif ayou ado
anot amaintain ayour atreatment aregimen." a- a✔✔d a(Treatment: aEye adrops)
The aamount aof aair aremaining ain athe alungs aafter aa amaximal aexhalation ais acalled
athe
a. aResidual avolume
b. aTidal avolume
c. aTotal aCapacity
d. aFEV a- a✔✔a
The acentral achemoreceptors afor arespiratory acontrol aare:
a. aResponsive ato achanges ain abicarb
b. alocated ain athe abrain
c. aResponsive aprimarily ato achanges ain apH aand aCO2
d. aineffective a- a✔✔c
A astructure athat aparticipates ain adiffusion aof arespiratory agases ais athe:
,a. abronchi
b. aAlveolus
c. aalveoli
d. atrachea a- a✔✔b
Thick amucus ain athe aairways awould aproduce awhich aadventitious abreath asound?
a. aWheezing
b. aRhonchi
c. aCheyne-stokes
d. aKussmaul a- a✔✔b
A apatient awith asuspected anarcotic aoverdose ais abreathing aat a6 atimes aa aminute aand
avery ashallow. aHow awould ayou aclassify athis abreathing apattern?
a. ahyperventilation
b. adead
c. ahypoventilation
d. ahyper aactivity a- a✔✔c
A a20 ayo amale apresents ato ahis aPCP areporting adifficulty abreathing awhen alying
adown. aWhat aterm ashould athe anurse ause ato adocument athis acondition?
a. aOrthopnea
b. aDyspnea
c. aTachypnea
d. aMyxedema a- a✔✔a
Viral aPneumonia ais acharacterized aby:
A. aA aproductive acough
B. aA adry acough
C. aExudative aconsolidation
D. aSignificant aventilation-perfusion amismatch a- a✔✔B
A apatient awith aa aproductive acough aand aa alocalized aarea aof ainfiltrate aor aatelectasis
aon ax-ray aprobably ahas:
a. aatypical apneumonia
b. atypical apneumonia
c. ac. aLobar apneumonia
d. abronchopneumonia a- a✔✔c
The aorganism athat acauses aTB ais aa:
, a. afungus
b. abacterium
c. aplant
d. avirus a- a✔✔b
Extrinsic aasthma ais aassociated awith:
A. aDecreased afunctional aresidual acapacity
B. aUnknown aprecipitating afactors
C. aIgE amediated aairway ainflammation
D. aIrreversible aairway aobstruction a- a✔✔c
All aof athe afollowing achanges aoccur aduring aan aacute aasthma aepisode aexcept:
A. aBronchoconstriction a
B. aBronchial amucosal aedema
C. aHypersecretion aof amucus
D. aAlveolar acollapse a- a✔✔d
Pricking aone's afinger awith aa aneedle awould acause aminimal apain, awhereas
aexperiencing aabdominal asurgery awould aproduce amore apain. ahis adistinction ais aan
aexample aof awhich apain atheory?
a. aGate acontrol atheory
b. aIntensity atheory
c. aSpecificity atheory
d. aPattern atheory a- a✔✔C
(According ato athe aspecificity atheory, aa adirect arelationship aexists abetween athe
aintensity aof apain aand athe aextent aof atissue ainjury.)
Which apain atheory aproposes athat aa abalance aof aimpulses aconducted afrom athe
aspinal acord ato athe ahigher acenters ain athe acentral
nervous asystem a(CNS) amodulates athe atransmission aof apain?
a. aGCT
b. aPattern atheory
c. aSpecificity atheory
ad. aNeuromatrix atheory a- a✔✔A
(Only athe agate acontrol atheory a(GCT) aexplains athat aa abalance aof aimpulses
aconducted ato athe aspinal acord, awhere acells ain athe asubstantia agelatinosa afunction
aas aa aspinal agate, aRegulates apain atransmission ato ahigher acenters ain athe aCNS.)
Which atype aof anerve afibers atransmits apain aimpulses?
a. aA-alpha a(Aα) afibers
b. aA-beta a(Aβ) afibers
SLATER WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
A a2 ay/o adiagnosed awith aotitis amedia awith aeffusion. aWhich aof athe afollowing amight
abe afound ain athis acondition?
a. afever
b. aPain
c. aRhinorrhea
d. afatigue a- a✔✔b a(Rationale: athe afluid abuild-up, ain athe amiddle aear, acauses
adiscomfort aand apain.)
When acaring afor aa apatient awith aMénière aSyndrome. aHow awould ayou aexplain awhat
ais acausing athe asyndrome ato aoccur?
a. a"Fluid abuilds aup ain athe ainner aear, acausing athe astructure ain athis aarea ato aaffect
aother astructures aincluding athe acochlea aand avestibule aleading ato athe asymptoms
ayou aare aexperiencing."
b. a"this ais aan aautoimmune acondition; ait's anot aa abig adeal."
c. a"You awill anever abe aable ato aswim aagain"
d. a"Due ato afluid abuild aup, ayou ashould aavoid awater ain ayour aears." a- a✔✔a
a(Rationale: aMénière adisease/syndrome aoccurs adue ato afluid abuildup ain athe ainner
aear acausing apressure ato abuild aon athe a*cochlea aand avestibule*.)
Sensorineural ahearing aloss ais:
a. acaused aby aan aautoimmune acondition
b. aa aresult aof aneurogenic ashock
c. aoften apermanent, aresulting afrom adisease, atrauma, aor agenetic adefect
d. auntreatable a- a✔✔c a(Rationale: aOccurs adue ato apermanent adamage ato athe
acochlea aof athe ainner aear. aMay aoccur adue ato adisease, atrauma, aor agenetic adefect.)
Which aof athe afollowing ais acaused aby aan airregular acurvature aof athe acornea aor
alens?
a. amyopia
b. ahyperopia
c. aamblyopia
,d. adiplopia a- a✔✔b a(*Hyperopia*, afarsightedness, arelates ato aan aabnormal acurvature
athat aleads ato athe afocal apoint abeing abeyond athe aback aof athe aeye.)
A apatient apresents awith aredness, aitchiness aand awatering aof ahis aleft aeye. aThere ais
aa amild aamount aof aclear adrainage. aThis apresentation ais amost aconsistent awith:
a. aTypical abacterial aconjunctivitis
b. aViral aconjunctivitis
c. aChalmydia atrachomatis aconjunctivitis
d. aretinal adetachment a- a✔✔b
In aa apatient awith amacular adegeneration, awhich aof athe afollowing awould ayou abe
aconcerned afor adue ato atheir aloss aof avision?
a. afalls
b. aincreased aintraocular apressure
c. avertigo
d. anausea a- a✔✔a a(Rationale: aAs athe aindividual ahas acentral avision aloss, athey
abecome aa ahigher afall arisk.)
When aexplaining aprimary aopen aangle aglaucoma ato aan aolder aadult awith athe
adisease, awhich aof athe afollowing awould abe aa acorrect astatement ayou acould amake
ato athe apatient aregarding athe adisease?
a. a"This ais anot aa abig adeal, ano aneed ato aworry."
b. a"You awill aneed asurgery aimmediately."
c. a"Glasses ashould acorrect athe aissue."
d. a"Increased apressure ain ayour aeye awill aslowly alead ato aa aloss aof avision aif ayou ado
anot amaintain ayour atreatment aregimen." a- a✔✔d a(Treatment: aEye adrops)
The aamount aof aair aremaining ain athe alungs aafter aa amaximal aexhalation ais acalled
athe
a. aResidual avolume
b. aTidal avolume
c. aTotal aCapacity
d. aFEV a- a✔✔a
The acentral achemoreceptors afor arespiratory acontrol aare:
a. aResponsive ato achanges ain abicarb
b. alocated ain athe abrain
c. aResponsive aprimarily ato achanges ain apH aand aCO2
d. aineffective a- a✔✔c
A astructure athat aparticipates ain adiffusion aof arespiratory agases ais athe:
,a. abronchi
b. aAlveolus
c. aalveoli
d. atrachea a- a✔✔b
Thick amucus ain athe aairways awould aproduce awhich aadventitious abreath asound?
a. aWheezing
b. aRhonchi
c. aCheyne-stokes
d. aKussmaul a- a✔✔b
A apatient awith asuspected anarcotic aoverdose ais abreathing aat a6 atimes aa aminute aand
avery ashallow. aHow awould ayou aclassify athis abreathing apattern?
a. ahyperventilation
b. adead
c. ahypoventilation
d. ahyper aactivity a- a✔✔c
A a20 ayo amale apresents ato ahis aPCP areporting adifficulty abreathing awhen alying
adown. aWhat aterm ashould athe anurse ause ato adocument athis acondition?
a. aOrthopnea
b. aDyspnea
c. aTachypnea
d. aMyxedema a- a✔✔a
Viral aPneumonia ais acharacterized aby:
A. aA aproductive acough
B. aA adry acough
C. aExudative aconsolidation
D. aSignificant aventilation-perfusion amismatch a- a✔✔B
A apatient awith aa aproductive acough aand aa alocalized aarea aof ainfiltrate aor aatelectasis
aon ax-ray aprobably ahas:
a. aatypical apneumonia
b. atypical apneumonia
c. ac. aLobar apneumonia
d. abronchopneumonia a- a✔✔c
The aorganism athat acauses aTB ais aa:
, a. afungus
b. abacterium
c. aplant
d. avirus a- a✔✔b
Extrinsic aasthma ais aassociated awith:
A. aDecreased afunctional aresidual acapacity
B. aUnknown aprecipitating afactors
C. aIgE amediated aairway ainflammation
D. aIrreversible aairway aobstruction a- a✔✔c
All aof athe afollowing achanges aoccur aduring aan aacute aasthma aepisode aexcept:
A. aBronchoconstriction a
B. aBronchial amucosal aedema
C. aHypersecretion aof amucus
D. aAlveolar acollapse a- a✔✔d
Pricking aone's afinger awith aa aneedle awould acause aminimal apain, awhereas
aexperiencing aabdominal asurgery awould aproduce amore apain. ahis adistinction ais aan
aexample aof awhich apain atheory?
a. aGate acontrol atheory
b. aIntensity atheory
c. aSpecificity atheory
d. aPattern atheory a- a✔✔C
(According ato athe aspecificity atheory, aa adirect arelationship aexists abetween athe
aintensity aof apain aand athe aextent aof atissue ainjury.)
Which apain atheory aproposes athat aa abalance aof aimpulses aconducted afrom athe
aspinal acord ato athe ahigher acenters ain athe acentral
nervous asystem a(CNS) amodulates athe atransmission aof apain?
a. aGCT
b. aPattern atheory
c. aSpecificity atheory
ad. aNeuromatrix atheory a- a✔✔A
(Only athe agate acontrol atheory a(GCT) aexplains athat aa abalance aof aimpulses
aconducted ato athe aspinal acord, awhere acells ain athe asubstantia agelatinosa afunction
aas aa aspinal agate, aRegulates apain atransmission ato ahigher acenters ain athe aCNS.)
Which atype aof anerve afibers atransmits apain aimpulses?
a. aA-alpha a(Aα) afibers
b. aA-beta a(Aβ) afibers
