NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Latest Questions With
100% Correct Answers.
Terms in this set (469)
Gastric acid secretion by *acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
parietal cells of the gastric
mucosa are stimulated by
Receptor-mediated *the activation of protein kinases, which in
binding of acetylcholine, turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase
histamine, or gastrin (ATPase) proton pump
results in
Gastrin and acetylcholine histamine
stimulate release of
receptor binding of gastric acid production
prostaglandin E2 and
somatostatin diminish
, weak bases that react with gastric acid to
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-
neutralizing capacity, sodium content, palatability, and
Antacids
price
Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its
capacity to neutralize gastric HCl and on whether the
stomach is full or empty
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time
for the antacid to react
• Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and
gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
Therapeutic uses of robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
antacids ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment
of osteoporosis
Classes
• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel;
Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
Commonly used antacid • Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of
drugs Magnesia
• Combination products
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide
(Maalox, Mylanta)
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
(Gaviscon)
, • Aluminum hydroxide tends to be constipating
• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing
antacids → hypophosphatemia
Adverse effects of • Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence,
antacids potential for systemic alkalosis
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in
pts w/ HTN or CHF
• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/
calcium foods → hypercalcemia
Cytoprotective compounds
Mucosal Protective
Sucralfate
Agents
Bismuth Compounds
enhance mucosal protection
Cytoprotective
mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓
Compounds
inflammation, promotes healing of existing ulcers
complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured
tissue, forms physical barrier coating over ulcer bed-
impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of
mucus by pepsin and acid
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓
recurrence rate
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and
Sucralfate bicarbonate output
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-
term maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be
administered with H2 antagonists or antacids
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well
tolerated
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by
binding to them
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
100% Correct Answers.
Terms in this set (469)
Gastric acid secretion by *acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
parietal cells of the gastric
mucosa are stimulated by
Receptor-mediated *the activation of protein kinases, which in
binding of acetylcholine, turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase
histamine, or gastrin (ATPase) proton pump
results in
Gastrin and acetylcholine histamine
stimulate release of
receptor binding of gastric acid production
prostaglandin E2 and
somatostatin diminish
, weak bases that react with gastric acid to
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-
neutralizing capacity, sodium content, palatability, and
Antacids
price
Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its
capacity to neutralize gastric HCl and on whether the
stomach is full or empty
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time
for the antacid to react
• Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and
gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
Therapeutic uses of robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
antacids ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment
of osteoporosis
Classes
• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel;
Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
Commonly used antacid • Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of
drugs Magnesia
• Combination products
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide
(Maalox, Mylanta)
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
(Gaviscon)
, • Aluminum hydroxide tends to be constipating
• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing
antacids → hypophosphatemia
Adverse effects of • Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence,
antacids potential for systemic alkalosis
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in
pts w/ HTN or CHF
• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/
calcium foods → hypercalcemia
Cytoprotective compounds
Mucosal Protective
Sucralfate
Agents
Bismuth Compounds
enhance mucosal protection
Cytoprotective
mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓
Compounds
inflammation, promotes healing of existing ulcers
complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured
tissue, forms physical barrier coating over ulcer bed-
impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of
mucus by pepsin and acid
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓
recurrence rate
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and
Sucralfate bicarbonate output
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-
term maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be
administered with H2 antagonists or antacids
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well
tolerated
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by
binding to them
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
