PALS 2020 Shock Exam/ 118 Q&A/ Already
Graded A+.
Shock - Answer: Shock is defined as a physiologic state characterized by
inadequate tissue perfusion to meet metabolic demand and tissue oxygenation.
metabolic demand - Answer: what cardiac output is normally equal to
How can shock be characterized? - Answer: By inadequate peripheral and end
organ perfusion. Also, it can be characterized by low cardiac output and decreased
level of consciousness.
What types of shock can cause a high cardiac output? - Answer: Shock that’s
caused by sepsis or anaphylaxis cardiac output can be high
Page 1 of 23
,All types of shock can do what to organs? - Answer: Can result in impaired
function of vital organs such as the brain (Decreased level of consciousness) and
kidneys ( Low urine output and ineffective filtering)
What will occur if adequate o2 delivery to the tissues is not maintained? -
Answer: Organ dysfunction
What are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system? - Answer: Delivers
oxygen to body tissues
Removes metabolic by products of cellular metabolism
Tissue hypoxia - Answer: This is present when a region of the body or an organ is
deprived of adequate O2 supply.
What does cardiac output determine and vascular resistance determine? -
Answer: Determines adequate blood flow to the tissues
Cardiac output - Answer: The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute is
the product of stroke volume and heart rate
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate
Stroke volume - Answer: The volume of blood pumped by the ventricles with each
contraction
Page 2 of 23
, Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate - Answer: According to this formula if
the heart rate decreases, stroke volume must increase commensurately to
maintain the cardiac output.
How can cardiac output increase? - Answer: By an increase in heart rate, in stroke
volume or both
What are the limits of increased cardia output produced by increasing heart rate?
- Answer: If the rate is too fast, as can happen with tachyarrhythmias, stroke
volume can fall bc there is inadequate time to fill the heart.
As shock develops, compensatory mechanisms attempt to? - Answer: Attempt to
maintain O2 delivery to vital organs
vasoconstriction - Answer: the constriction of blood vessels, which increases
blood pressure.
Name the compensatory mechanisms - Answer: Tachycardia
Increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (vasoconstriction)
Increased strength of cardiac contraction (Contractility)
Increase in venous smooth muscle tone
Page 3 of 23
Graded A+.
Shock - Answer: Shock is defined as a physiologic state characterized by
inadequate tissue perfusion to meet metabolic demand and tissue oxygenation.
metabolic demand - Answer: what cardiac output is normally equal to
How can shock be characterized? - Answer: By inadequate peripheral and end
organ perfusion. Also, it can be characterized by low cardiac output and decreased
level of consciousness.
What types of shock can cause a high cardiac output? - Answer: Shock that’s
caused by sepsis or anaphylaxis cardiac output can be high
Page 1 of 23
,All types of shock can do what to organs? - Answer: Can result in impaired
function of vital organs such as the brain (Decreased level of consciousness) and
kidneys ( Low urine output and ineffective filtering)
What will occur if adequate o2 delivery to the tissues is not maintained? -
Answer: Organ dysfunction
What are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system? - Answer: Delivers
oxygen to body tissues
Removes metabolic by products of cellular metabolism
Tissue hypoxia - Answer: This is present when a region of the body or an organ is
deprived of adequate O2 supply.
What does cardiac output determine and vascular resistance determine? -
Answer: Determines adequate blood flow to the tissues
Cardiac output - Answer: The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute is
the product of stroke volume and heart rate
Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate
Stroke volume - Answer: The volume of blood pumped by the ventricles with each
contraction
Page 2 of 23
, Cardia output=Stroke volume X Heart Rate - Answer: According to this formula if
the heart rate decreases, stroke volume must increase commensurately to
maintain the cardiac output.
How can cardiac output increase? - Answer: By an increase in heart rate, in stroke
volume or both
What are the limits of increased cardia output produced by increasing heart rate?
- Answer: If the rate is too fast, as can happen with tachyarrhythmias, stroke
volume can fall bc there is inadequate time to fill the heart.
As shock develops, compensatory mechanisms attempt to? - Answer: Attempt to
maintain O2 delivery to vital organs
vasoconstriction - Answer: the constriction of blood vessels, which increases
blood pressure.
Name the compensatory mechanisms - Answer: Tachycardia
Increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (vasoconstriction)
Increased strength of cardiac contraction (Contractility)
Increase in venous smooth muscle tone
Page 3 of 23
