BIO 435 EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
1. Cis-regulatory and trans-regulatory elements are important for
evolutionary changes to morphology because
A) Cis- and trans- regulatory elements evolve rapidly
B) Changes to the loci acted on by cis- and trans- regulatory elements
affects which genes are expressed, how much, and when
C) Mutations in cis- and trans- regulatory elements can create novel proteins
D) Mutations to cis- and trans- regulatory elements can alter the genotype
without affecting the phenotype: B) Changes to the loci acted on by cis-
and trans- regulatory elements affects which genes are expressed, how
much, and when
2. Daphnia water fleas have evolved to have both sexual and asexual
reproduc- tion. Asexual reproduction is favored when the biology and
chemistry of the lake is most likely to change across generations, while
sexual reproduction is favored when conditions are most stable across
generations.
True or False?: False
3. Which of the following is an example of heterotopy (an evolutionary
change in the spatial position of a feature within an organism)?
A) Entire young plants develop on the leaf margins of the Mother o
Thousands
B) Axolotls grow to full size but do not undergo metamorphosis, so that
they retain many juvenile characteristics
C) Teeth in a lizard's head resemble each other in morphology
D) During human postnatal growth, the head grows at a slower rate than the
body while the legs grow at a faster rate: A) Entire young plants develop
on the leaf margins of the Mother of Thousands
4. "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" is a statement describing:
A) proximate causes (ones that affect the individual) of the
developmental changes in organism
B) ultimate causes (ones that affect the entire population) of the
developmen- tal changes in organism: B) ultimate causes (ones that affect
the entire population) of the developmental changes in organism
5. What is a major difference in the genomes of virus/bacteria vs.
plants/ani- mals?
, BIO 435 EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
A) The ANSWERS
genomes of viruses/bacteria have great genetic diversity; those
of plants/animals are simpler and less diverse
B) The genomes of viruses/bacteria are typically large; those of
plants/animals
, BIO 435 EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
are smaller
C) The genomes of viruses/bacteria consist almost or entirely of coding se-
quences; in those of plants/animals most DNA is non-protein coding: C) The
genomes of viruses/bacteria consist almost or entirely of coding
sequences; in those of plants/animals most DNA is non-protein coding
6. Which statement about phenotype is false?
A) Phenotypes are unlikely to be influenced by genes with pleiotropic effects
B) Differences in environment can lead the same genotype to produce
differ- ent phenotypes
C) Phenotypes with continuous variation can be produced by the
discrete variation in DNA: A) Phenotypes are unlikely to be influenced
by genes with pleiotropic effects
7. Bat wings likely arose from:
A) Mutation that affects regulation of a single gene (Bmp)
B) Multiple simultaneous mutations in bone genes
C) Gradual increases in digit size over time, eventually leading to long
wing bones: A) Mutation that affects regulation of a single gene (Bmp)
8. Which of these is not an advantage of asexual reproduction?
A) No need to find a mating partner
B) Lack of sexually transmitted diseases
C) Alleles inherited from different organisms can create novel phenotypes
D) All individuals have the potential to reproduce: C) Alleles inherited
from different organisms can create novel phenotypes
9. The definition of phenotypic plasticity is when a single genotype
may produce different phenotypes in response to environmental
stimuli.
True or False?: True
10. The breeder's equation shows that the rate of evolution depends on the
strength of heritability, and the strength of directional selection. Evolution
can be expected when:
A) S is > 0 and h^2 < 0
B) S is negative, and h^2 is 1
C) S is equal to 0, and h^2 is > 0
D) S is not equal to 0, and h^2 is 0: B) S is negative, and h^2 is 1
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
1. Cis-regulatory and trans-regulatory elements are important for
evolutionary changes to morphology because
A) Cis- and trans- regulatory elements evolve rapidly
B) Changes to the loci acted on by cis- and trans- regulatory elements
affects which genes are expressed, how much, and when
C) Mutations in cis- and trans- regulatory elements can create novel proteins
D) Mutations to cis- and trans- regulatory elements can alter the genotype
without affecting the phenotype: B) Changes to the loci acted on by cis-
and trans- regulatory elements affects which genes are expressed, how
much, and when
2. Daphnia water fleas have evolved to have both sexual and asexual
reproduc- tion. Asexual reproduction is favored when the biology and
chemistry of the lake is most likely to change across generations, while
sexual reproduction is favored when conditions are most stable across
generations.
True or False?: False
3. Which of the following is an example of heterotopy (an evolutionary
change in the spatial position of a feature within an organism)?
A) Entire young plants develop on the leaf margins of the Mother o
Thousands
B) Axolotls grow to full size but do not undergo metamorphosis, so that
they retain many juvenile characteristics
C) Teeth in a lizard's head resemble each other in morphology
D) During human postnatal growth, the head grows at a slower rate than the
body while the legs grow at a faster rate: A) Entire young plants develop
on the leaf margins of the Mother of Thousands
4. "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" is a statement describing:
A) proximate causes (ones that affect the individual) of the
developmental changes in organism
B) ultimate causes (ones that affect the entire population) of the
developmen- tal changes in organism: B) ultimate causes (ones that affect
the entire population) of the developmental changes in organism
5. What is a major difference in the genomes of virus/bacteria vs.
plants/ani- mals?
, BIO 435 EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
A) The ANSWERS
genomes of viruses/bacteria have great genetic diversity; those
of plants/animals are simpler and less diverse
B) The genomes of viruses/bacteria are typically large; those of
plants/animals
, BIO 435 EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
are smaller
C) The genomes of viruses/bacteria consist almost or entirely of coding se-
quences; in those of plants/animals most DNA is non-protein coding: C) The
genomes of viruses/bacteria consist almost or entirely of coding
sequences; in those of plants/animals most DNA is non-protein coding
6. Which statement about phenotype is false?
A) Phenotypes are unlikely to be influenced by genes with pleiotropic effects
B) Differences in environment can lead the same genotype to produce
differ- ent phenotypes
C) Phenotypes with continuous variation can be produced by the
discrete variation in DNA: A) Phenotypes are unlikely to be influenced
by genes with pleiotropic effects
7. Bat wings likely arose from:
A) Mutation that affects regulation of a single gene (Bmp)
B) Multiple simultaneous mutations in bone genes
C) Gradual increases in digit size over time, eventually leading to long
wing bones: A) Mutation that affects regulation of a single gene (Bmp)
8. Which of these is not an advantage of asexual reproduction?
A) No need to find a mating partner
B) Lack of sexually transmitted diseases
C) Alleles inherited from different organisms can create novel phenotypes
D) All individuals have the potential to reproduce: C) Alleles inherited
from different organisms can create novel phenotypes
9. The definition of phenotypic plasticity is when a single genotype
may produce different phenotypes in response to environmental
stimuli.
True or False?: True
10. The breeder's equation shows that the rate of evolution depends on the
strength of heritability, and the strength of directional selection. Evolution
can be expected when:
A) S is > 0 and h^2 < 0
B) S is negative, and h^2 is 1
C) S is equal to 0, and h^2 is > 0
D) S is not equal to 0, and h^2 is 0: B) S is negative, and h^2 is 1
