ATI COMPREHENSIVE FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS (LATEST
UPDATE 2024/2025)
ECG of electrolyte imbalances
-hypocalcemia: prolonged QT interval
-hypercalcemia: shortened QT interval
-hypokalemia: fla>ened T-waves & cardiac dysrhythmia
-hyperkalemia: widened QRS
Hypocalcemia
Tetany, cramps; paresthesia or numbness; abdominal cramps; hypotension;
dysrhythmias; trousseau's sign and chvostek's sign; seizures, hyperreflexia;
impaired cloJng Kme
seizure precauKons
Lamotrigine
-anKepilepKc drug: rash is 1st indicaKon of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and
toxic epidermal necrolysis; can occur first 2-8 weeks of Tx- report STAT
Balanced skeletal tracKon
-offer diet high in fluids and fiber b/c immobilized pt at risk for consKpaKon
-provide pin care w/ one of following soluKons: chlorhexidine, povidone-
iodine; half-strength hydrogen peroxide
Doxycycline
Tetracycline anKbioKc; AE is photo-sensiKvity
Thrombocytopenia
,PLT < 100,000 (normal is 150,000-450,000)increased risk of bleeding; if IV being
d/c apply pressure for at least 5 mins
-bleeding precauKons; avoid IM injecKons
Diabetes insipidus
-polyuria, hypernatremia
Tx hypotonic sodium chloride and vasopressin/DDAVP
SIADH
Hypervolemia, decreased sodium;
Tx fluid restricKon, Na replacement w/ sodium chloride and IV lasix
Anterior fontanel closes at..
18 months
8 months..
Sits unsupported, stranger anxiety
9 month
Drinks well from a cup
12 months
Says 2 words; has 6 teeth
Amblyopia & strabismus
-amblyopia is disorder of eye in which unilateral central blindness occurs as
result of another condiKon such as strabismus
-in strabismus, muscle weakness allows one eye to wander so child cannot
focus on an object w/ both eyes at same Kme. This confusion causes brain to
ignore signals from weak eye in favor of strong one, this will result in central
blindness if not treated by age of 6
-to strengthen weak eye muscle unaffected eye is patched
Schizophrenia: appropriate acKvity
, -walking w/ staff around gated grounds
-encourage to parKcipate in nonthreatening, noncompeKKve physical acKviKes,
provide opportunity for verbal interacKon w/ health care team member
Situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery
Type of refracKve eye laser surgery opthalmologists perform to correct myopia,
hyperopia, and asKgmaKsm which all common causes of nearsightedness;
however many people develop presbyopia (farsightedness) w/ age and may
need reading glasses despite having Lasik surgery
Asperger's syndrome
High funcKoning form of auKsm spectrum disorder, typically child will have
normal to high cogniKve skills; a structured environment can help to minimize
problems experienced w/ sudden schedule changes, socializaKon requirements
and preference for ritualisKc behavior
Subtotal thyroidectomy emergency bedside equipment post-op
-in event of laryngeal edema or tetany, respiratory distress could result in
airway obstrucKon, emergency intubaKon may be difficult d/t laryngeal
swelling & endotracheal intubaKon may increase risk for hemorrhage by
increasing tension on incision during inserKon
-a tracheostomy tray should be easily accessible
Mechanical venKlaKon: low-pressure alarms
-either tubing has come apart or pt has become disconnected from venKlator
tubing, result of malfuncKon or displacement of connecKons somewhere
between endotracheal or tracheostomy tube and venKlator (leak in venKlator
circuitry)
Mech vent: high-pressure alarms
-increase in resistance each Kme venKlator administers a breath to pt
-excessive airway secreKons, decreased lung compliance
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS (LATEST
UPDATE 2024/2025)
ECG of electrolyte imbalances
-hypocalcemia: prolonged QT interval
-hypercalcemia: shortened QT interval
-hypokalemia: fla>ened T-waves & cardiac dysrhythmia
-hyperkalemia: widened QRS
Hypocalcemia
Tetany, cramps; paresthesia or numbness; abdominal cramps; hypotension;
dysrhythmias; trousseau's sign and chvostek's sign; seizures, hyperreflexia;
impaired cloJng Kme
seizure precauKons
Lamotrigine
-anKepilepKc drug: rash is 1st indicaKon of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and
toxic epidermal necrolysis; can occur first 2-8 weeks of Tx- report STAT
Balanced skeletal tracKon
-offer diet high in fluids and fiber b/c immobilized pt at risk for consKpaKon
-provide pin care w/ one of following soluKons: chlorhexidine, povidone-
iodine; half-strength hydrogen peroxide
Doxycycline
Tetracycline anKbioKc; AE is photo-sensiKvity
Thrombocytopenia
,PLT < 100,000 (normal is 150,000-450,000)increased risk of bleeding; if IV being
d/c apply pressure for at least 5 mins
-bleeding precauKons; avoid IM injecKons
Diabetes insipidus
-polyuria, hypernatremia
Tx hypotonic sodium chloride and vasopressin/DDAVP
SIADH
Hypervolemia, decreased sodium;
Tx fluid restricKon, Na replacement w/ sodium chloride and IV lasix
Anterior fontanel closes at..
18 months
8 months..
Sits unsupported, stranger anxiety
9 month
Drinks well from a cup
12 months
Says 2 words; has 6 teeth
Amblyopia & strabismus
-amblyopia is disorder of eye in which unilateral central blindness occurs as
result of another condiKon such as strabismus
-in strabismus, muscle weakness allows one eye to wander so child cannot
focus on an object w/ both eyes at same Kme. This confusion causes brain to
ignore signals from weak eye in favor of strong one, this will result in central
blindness if not treated by age of 6
-to strengthen weak eye muscle unaffected eye is patched
Schizophrenia: appropriate acKvity
, -walking w/ staff around gated grounds
-encourage to parKcipate in nonthreatening, noncompeKKve physical acKviKes,
provide opportunity for verbal interacKon w/ health care team member
Situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery
Type of refracKve eye laser surgery opthalmologists perform to correct myopia,
hyperopia, and asKgmaKsm which all common causes of nearsightedness;
however many people develop presbyopia (farsightedness) w/ age and may
need reading glasses despite having Lasik surgery
Asperger's syndrome
High funcKoning form of auKsm spectrum disorder, typically child will have
normal to high cogniKve skills; a structured environment can help to minimize
problems experienced w/ sudden schedule changes, socializaKon requirements
and preference for ritualisKc behavior
Subtotal thyroidectomy emergency bedside equipment post-op
-in event of laryngeal edema or tetany, respiratory distress could result in
airway obstrucKon, emergency intubaKon may be difficult d/t laryngeal
swelling & endotracheal intubaKon may increase risk for hemorrhage by
increasing tension on incision during inserKon
-a tracheostomy tray should be easily accessible
Mechanical venKlaKon: low-pressure alarms
-either tubing has come apart or pt has become disconnected from venKlator
tubing, result of malfuncKon or displacement of connecKons somewhere
between endotracheal or tracheostomy tube and venKlator (leak in venKlator
circuitry)
Mech vent: high-pressure alarms
-increase in resistance each Kme venKlator administers a breath to pt
-excessive airway secreKons, decreased lung compliance
