CARD BCAT EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+)

CARD BCAT EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+) Deficits in Social Communication - Answers Basic Social Communication, Conversational Language & Complex Social Language 3 Primary Areas Affected by ASD - Answers Deficits in Social communication, social interactions, and presence of restrictive or repetitive behaviors/ interests Deficits in social interactions - Answers Basic social behavior, basic social interactions & non vocal gestures Presence of restrictive or repetitive behaviors/ interests - Answers Repetitive motor mannerisms/ stereotypy, repetitive vocal behaviors/ stereotypy, object fixation & manipulation, extreme need for sameness and routines, obsession with unusual topics of interest, and hyper/ hypo- reactivity to sensory input Skill repertoire - Answers Language skills, adaptive skills, social skills, academic skills, motor skills, play & leisure, perspective taking, executive function perspective taking - Answers Understanding how other people feel, think and behave Executive function - Answers Inhibition, flexibility, problem solving, and planning Inhibition - Answers Not talking about the movie you saw tho your boss but waiting to tell your friends Verbal communication - Answers communication that portrays what they want or mean through vocal, written, sounds or gestural behavior Vocal communication - Answers Using vocal cords to communicate Physical prompt - Answers Providing manual guidance to the learner to facilitate a correct response. Can be full or partial prompt Model prompt - Answers The therapist demonstrates a target response that the child is expected to imitate. Echoic prompt - Answers therapist says target response word for word Directive prompt - Answers The therapist tells the child what to do, so that he successfully engages in the target response. Proximity prompt - Answers The therapist uses "position cues" to indicate the target response. Stimulus Manipulation Prompt - Answers Making changes to task materials to assist the child in responding ccorrectly. EX: changes color of circle to make the choice of circle more likely Visual/ textual prompt - Answers Technician showed picture/ object (visual) or word (textual) to learner to evoke the correct response Prompt Fading - Answers The systematic removal of a prompt across successive trials. Used for Errorless Learning and Error Correction. Errorless Learning - Answers A procedure used to teach a new skill involving the immediate prompting of the response during the initial teaching stages and systematic removal of prompts to avoid errors. Aquisition - Answers The learning of a new skill that is not yet in the learner's repertoire. Acquisition Skill/Target Skill - Answers The response or new behavior that is currently being taught to the individual Prompt Hierarchy - Answers A systematic arrangement of prompts used in a particular order to facilitate learning. Usually arranged according to the level of strength of the prompt or the amount of support given to the learner. Most to least Prompting - Answers What is the core principle of ABA? - Answers Desirable consequences will increase whereas undesirable consequences will decrease behavior Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) - Answers The application of the "Principles of Behavior" to issues that are socially important, in order to produce practical change. 3- Term Contingency - Answers A method used within ABA to understand, predict and change behavior. Consists of Antecedent, Behavior and Consequence. Antecedent - Answers what happens prior to the behavior Behavior - Answers what exactly the behavior looked like and what they said. Consequence - Answers what happens immediately after the behavior. Most to Least Prompting - Answers A fading procedure utilizing stronger, more intrusive prompts during initial instruction and progressing to the less intrusive prompts over time to enable success and independence. Least to Most Prompting - Answers A prompt procedure involving the use of the least intrusive prompt for that skill, while gradually increasing the intensity of prompts if necessary, until the individual in successful No- No- Prompt - Answers An error correction procedure consisting of the delivery of a prompt following two successful trials or attempts at responding, correcting the error of a mastered skill. Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) - Answers A teaching method with a clear beginning, middle and end used to promote learning new skills. 4 Primary Categories of Responses - Answers Correct response, incorrect response, no response, prompted response. 2 Primary Types of Consequences - Answers Reinforcement for a correct response Error Correction for an incorrect or no response Reinforcement - Answers Something that occurs after a behavior that makes that behavior more likely to occur in the future Positive reinforcement - Answers Occurs when the learner is given something when the behavior occurs Negative reinforcement - Answers Occurs when the learner has something that is taken away when the behavior occurs Primary reinforcement - Answers Unconditioned, unlearned reinforces, you are born with this need. Ex: food, water, air Secondary reinforcement - Answers Conditioned, learned reinforcer, you find them reinforcing after experience and learning. Ex: social praise, tokens, money Preference assessment - Answers A procedure used to identify what an individual is interested in at a particular moment. Free Operant Observation - Answers Observe what the learner gravitates toward during free play, how long they play with various items etc in order to provide them with an accurate preference assessment Discrimination training - Answers The process of reinforcing a target response only when the target antecedent, or SD, is present Acquisition Target - Answers Used to describe the SD Response relationship that is currently being taught. A response or SD/ instruction that the individual is currently learning Random Rotation (RR) - Answers Presentation of two or more SDs in random order. Ensures that the learner can discriminate between two or more SDs/ instructions Distracter Trial (DT) - Answers Additional trials that are different from the acquisition target, used to teach discrimination. Distracter Item - Answers Additional items that are not targets, but are used in discrimination training procedures to teach discrimination. Can be known or unknown to the learner