EXAM 1 BIOS 242- CHAMBERLAIN
1. nucleus: DNA is replicated in the
2. cytoplasm: RNA is replicated in the
3. penetration/adhesion (attaches to membrane using spikes): what is the first
step in viral replication?
4. uncoating: what is the second step in viral replication?
5. replication: what is the third step in viral replication?
6. assembly: what is the fourth step in viral replication?
7. maturation: what is the fifth step in viral replication?
8. release (release the protein that has the viral components so it infects more
cells): what is the sixth step in viral replication?
9. methanogens, hyperthemophile, psychrophile, halophiles: what are the four
types of archaea?
10. CO2 with methane: what are characteristics of a methanogen?
11. swamps, landfill: where are methanogens found?
12. loves high temperature: what are characteristics of a hyperthermophile?
13. volcano: where are hyperthermophiles found?
14. survives in cold temperatures: what are characteristics of a psychrophile?
15. ice caps: where are psychrophiles found?
16. survives in salt environments: what are characteristics of a halophile?
17. salt lake: where are halophiles found?
18. methanogen: This type of archaea live in swamps and marshes and produce
methane, what is it?
19. hyperthemophile: This type of archaea requires hot, acidic environments
20. peptidolgycan: during a gram stain, the presence of gives a purple stain
21. outer membrane is weakened: why is gram negative bacteria pink?
22. porin proteins, lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid outer membrane sur-
rounding a thin peptidoglycan layer.: what do gram negative bacteria have
23. lipoteichoic acid with thick peptidoglycan cell wall: what do gram positive
bacteria have
24. fimbriae, pilus, flagella, and cilia: what are the four different types of structures
microorganisms can use for movement, adherence, or mating?
25. adhesion: what is fimbriae used for?
26. mating/conjugation: what is pilus used for?
27. movement: what is flagella used for?
28. movement: what is cilia used for?
29. used for antibiotics, food products such as yeast and alcohol, and de-
composition which puts nutrients back into environment: what are the benefits
about fungi?
30. contamination: what are the bad things about fungi?
1/6
, EXAM 1 BIOS 242- CHAMBERLAIN
31. dimorphic, eukaryotes, have cell walls, are heterotrophs that feed by ab-
sorbing their food: what are the characteristics of fungi?
32. prokaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes lack organelles?
33. eukaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes have a nucleus?
34. eukaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes consist of animals, plants, fungi, and
protists?
35. prokaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes consist of bacteria and archaea?
36. prokaryotes: are prokaryotes or eukaryotes unicellular?
37. both: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes have ribosomes?
38. eukaryotes: are prokaryotes or eukaryotes multicellular?
39. prokaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes use asexual reproduction?
40. eukaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes use sexual reproduction?
41. Alexander Fleming: who invented penicillin?
42. the same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.: what is
Koch's first postulate?
43. the pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure
culture.: what is Koch's second postulate?
44. the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is
inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal.: what is Koch's third
postulate?
45. the pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be
shown to be the original organism.: what is Koch's fourth postulate?
46. it creates a solid surface for bacterial growth: what is agar used for?
47. used swan neck flask to not let pathogens from the air get into it
Used heat to kill pathogens,
broke the neck off one flask which let microbes from the air in
found that the flask that was broken contained microbes while the swan neck
flask did not: explain Louis Pasteur's experiment
48. because the flask with the swan neck was sterile and the broken neck had
microbes in it meaning that microbes do not randomly spawn: how did Louis
Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation?
49. - lack cells
- non-living
- RNA & DNA core
- core is surrounded by protein coat
- coat can be surrounded by envelope of lipids
- replicate only within a living host: what are characteristics of viruses?
50. naked and enveloped: what are the two types viruses can be?
2/6
1. nucleus: DNA is replicated in the
2. cytoplasm: RNA is replicated in the
3. penetration/adhesion (attaches to membrane using spikes): what is the first
step in viral replication?
4. uncoating: what is the second step in viral replication?
5. replication: what is the third step in viral replication?
6. assembly: what is the fourth step in viral replication?
7. maturation: what is the fifth step in viral replication?
8. release (release the protein that has the viral components so it infects more
cells): what is the sixth step in viral replication?
9. methanogens, hyperthemophile, psychrophile, halophiles: what are the four
types of archaea?
10. CO2 with methane: what are characteristics of a methanogen?
11. swamps, landfill: where are methanogens found?
12. loves high temperature: what are characteristics of a hyperthermophile?
13. volcano: where are hyperthermophiles found?
14. survives in cold temperatures: what are characteristics of a psychrophile?
15. ice caps: where are psychrophiles found?
16. survives in salt environments: what are characteristics of a halophile?
17. salt lake: where are halophiles found?
18. methanogen: This type of archaea live in swamps and marshes and produce
methane, what is it?
19. hyperthemophile: This type of archaea requires hot, acidic environments
20. peptidolgycan: during a gram stain, the presence of gives a purple stain
21. outer membrane is weakened: why is gram negative bacteria pink?
22. porin proteins, lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid outer membrane sur-
rounding a thin peptidoglycan layer.: what do gram negative bacteria have
23. lipoteichoic acid with thick peptidoglycan cell wall: what do gram positive
bacteria have
24. fimbriae, pilus, flagella, and cilia: what are the four different types of structures
microorganisms can use for movement, adherence, or mating?
25. adhesion: what is fimbriae used for?
26. mating/conjugation: what is pilus used for?
27. movement: what is flagella used for?
28. movement: what is cilia used for?
29. used for antibiotics, food products such as yeast and alcohol, and de-
composition which puts nutrients back into environment: what are the benefits
about fungi?
30. contamination: what are the bad things about fungi?
1/6
, EXAM 1 BIOS 242- CHAMBERLAIN
31. dimorphic, eukaryotes, have cell walls, are heterotrophs that feed by ab-
sorbing their food: what are the characteristics of fungi?
32. prokaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes lack organelles?
33. eukaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes have a nucleus?
34. eukaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes consist of animals, plants, fungi, and
protists?
35. prokaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes consist of bacteria and archaea?
36. prokaryotes: are prokaryotes or eukaryotes unicellular?
37. both: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes have ribosomes?
38. eukaryotes: are prokaryotes or eukaryotes multicellular?
39. prokaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes use asexual reproduction?
40. eukaryotes: do prokaryotes or eukaryotes use sexual reproduction?
41. Alexander Fleming: who invented penicillin?
42. the same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.: what is
Koch's first postulate?
43. the pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure
culture.: what is Koch's second postulate?
44. the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is
inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal.: what is Koch's third
postulate?
45. the pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be
shown to be the original organism.: what is Koch's fourth postulate?
46. it creates a solid surface for bacterial growth: what is agar used for?
47. used swan neck flask to not let pathogens from the air get into it
Used heat to kill pathogens,
broke the neck off one flask which let microbes from the air in
found that the flask that was broken contained microbes while the swan neck
flask did not: explain Louis Pasteur's experiment
48. because the flask with the swan neck was sterile and the broken neck had
microbes in it meaning that microbes do not randomly spawn: how did Louis
Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation?
49. - lack cells
- non-living
- RNA & DNA core
- core is surrounded by protein coat
- coat can be surrounded by envelope of lipids
- replicate only within a living host: what are characteristics of viruses?
50. naked and enveloped: what are the two types viruses can be?
2/6
