1|Pag e
NURS 5334 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
MODULE 2 EXAM|| ACTUAL EXAM 2024-2025 150
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST AND FULLY
COVERED UPDATE 2024-2025 WITH EXPERT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED PASS!!!
physiologic changes during pregnancy & drug impact - ANSWER: - 3rd trimester
= renal blood doubles, renal excretion accelerated
- tone and mobility of bowel decreases -> prolongation of drug effects
placental drug transfer - ANSWER: all drugs can cross the placenta, some cross
more easily than others
adverse reactions during pregnancy - ANSWER: can adversely affect both
pregnant pt and fetus
- heparin -> osteoporosis
- prostaglandins -> stimulate uterine contraction
- some pain relievers can be used during delivery can cause respiratory depression
in baby
teratogenesis birth defects - ANSWER: gross malformations = cleft palate,
clubfoot, hydrocephalus
neurobehavioral & metabolic anomalies
3 stages of teratogenesis development - ANSWER: 1. conception through week 2
2. embryonic period week 3-8 = gross malformations
,2|Pag e
3. fetal period week 9-delivery = functions disrupted w/ teratogen exposure
embryonic stages - ANSWER:
identification of teratogens - ANSWER: difficult to identify, 3 criteria must be
met:
1. The agent must be present during the critical stage of development
2. The agent produces a particular pattern of birth defects in animal studies.
3. The agent crosses the placenta and there is a dose-response relationship.
responding to teratogen exposure - ANSWER: Determine when the drug was
taken
Determine when the pregnancy began
-Weeks 3-8 (organogenesis) is most crucial time
Determine type of malformation expected
Conduct 2 US and consult FDA to determine severity
how to decrease risk of drug effects during breastfeeding - ANSWER: - take drugs
immediately after breastfeeding
- avoid drugs w/ long half-lives
- choose drugs that tend to be excluded from milk, least likely to affect infant
- avoid hazardous drugs
, 3|Pag e
pediatric response to drugs - ANSWER: - more sensitive to drugs
- greater individual variation
- sensitivity d/t organ system immaturity
- increased risk for adverse rxns
determining the intensity of duration of drug response in neonates & infants -
ANSWER: - elevated drug levels = more intense response
- delayed elimination = prolonged response
- immaturity of organs = risk for both^
comparison of plasma drug levels in adults and infants - ANSWER:
increased sensitivity in infants caused by immature state of... - ANSWER:
absorption, protein binding of drugs, BBB, hepatic metabolism, renal drug
excretion
infant absorption: oral administration - ANSWER: prolonged and irregular gastric
adult function at 6-8 months
infant absorption: gastric acidity - ANSWER: - very low 24 hours after birth
- does not reach adult values for 2 years
- low acidity = absorption of acid-labile drugs is increased
infant absorption: intramuscular admin - ANSWER: slow, erratic, delayed
absorption as results of low blood flow in 1st few days of life
NURS 5334 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
MODULE 2 EXAM|| ACTUAL EXAM 2024-2025 150
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST AND FULLY
COVERED UPDATE 2024-2025 WITH EXPERT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED PASS!!!
physiologic changes during pregnancy & drug impact - ANSWER: - 3rd trimester
= renal blood doubles, renal excretion accelerated
- tone and mobility of bowel decreases -> prolongation of drug effects
placental drug transfer - ANSWER: all drugs can cross the placenta, some cross
more easily than others
adverse reactions during pregnancy - ANSWER: can adversely affect both
pregnant pt and fetus
- heparin -> osteoporosis
- prostaglandins -> stimulate uterine contraction
- some pain relievers can be used during delivery can cause respiratory depression
in baby
teratogenesis birth defects - ANSWER: gross malformations = cleft palate,
clubfoot, hydrocephalus
neurobehavioral & metabolic anomalies
3 stages of teratogenesis development - ANSWER: 1. conception through week 2
2. embryonic period week 3-8 = gross malformations
,2|Pag e
3. fetal period week 9-delivery = functions disrupted w/ teratogen exposure
embryonic stages - ANSWER:
identification of teratogens - ANSWER: difficult to identify, 3 criteria must be
met:
1. The agent must be present during the critical stage of development
2. The agent produces a particular pattern of birth defects in animal studies.
3. The agent crosses the placenta and there is a dose-response relationship.
responding to teratogen exposure - ANSWER: Determine when the drug was
taken
Determine when the pregnancy began
-Weeks 3-8 (organogenesis) is most crucial time
Determine type of malformation expected
Conduct 2 US and consult FDA to determine severity
how to decrease risk of drug effects during breastfeeding - ANSWER: - take drugs
immediately after breastfeeding
- avoid drugs w/ long half-lives
- choose drugs that tend to be excluded from milk, least likely to affect infant
- avoid hazardous drugs
, 3|Pag e
pediatric response to drugs - ANSWER: - more sensitive to drugs
- greater individual variation
- sensitivity d/t organ system immaturity
- increased risk for adverse rxns
determining the intensity of duration of drug response in neonates & infants -
ANSWER: - elevated drug levels = more intense response
- delayed elimination = prolonged response
- immaturity of organs = risk for both^
comparison of plasma drug levels in adults and infants - ANSWER:
increased sensitivity in infants caused by immature state of... - ANSWER:
absorption, protein binding of drugs, BBB, hepatic metabolism, renal drug
excretion
infant absorption: oral administration - ANSWER: prolonged and irregular gastric
adult function at 6-8 months
infant absorption: gastric acidity - ANSWER: - very low 24 hours after birth
- does not reach adult values for 2 years
- low acidity = absorption of acid-labile drugs is increased
infant absorption: intramuscular admin - ANSWER: slow, erratic, delayed
absorption as results of low blood flow in 1st few days of life
