Phil 347 FINAL exam with correct answers
The logical problem of evil - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The world is full of evil- theist and
athesit agree. All knowing god knows there is evil, all good being would stop it and all powerful
could stop it. All three can not stay if evil exists.
Free will defense - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔God maximized the goodness in the world by
creating free being. A free being means that we have the choice to do evil things- A choice that some
of us exercise. This preserves Gods goodness because he created the best possible world by making
us free and preserves his knowledge and power becuase he knows about evil and could stop it but
wants to maintain our freedom. The issue with this is that it only focuses on moral evil which is evil
committed on purpose by humans. This does not resolve the issue of natural evil like earthquakes.
Epicurus Restated - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔1) If God is almighty, he can remove all evil.
2) If God is all good, he would will to remove all evil
3) But there is Evil
4C) Hence, it isn't the case that God is almighty and all good.
Epicurus and the problem of evil - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔God is either:
1) Wills but is unable
2) Able and unwilling
3) Neither willing nor able
4) He is both willing and able
If (1) He is feeble, not a characteristic of God.
If (2) He is envious, not a characteristic of God.
If (3) He is both envious and feeble, not a characteristic of God
If (4) which is the only possible one suitable for God, from what source are evils or why does He not
remove them?
, Mackie Restated - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔1) God is Omni potent
2) God is Wholly good
3) Evil Exists
4) A good thing always eliminates (prevents the occurrence of) evil as far as it can
5) There are no limits to what an omnipotnent thing can do
6) Hence a good, omnipotent thing eliminates evil completely
7) Hence contradiction
Trans World Depravity - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Consider all possible (not actual) worlds in
which you always choose the right.
In all those, there will be a subpart of the world that says you were free to choose a certain right or
wrong action, but does not say whether you chose it.
If that subpart were actual (in the real world), then you'd chose the wrong.
Objection to Plantinga (Which philosopher said this??) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔1)There are
possible worlds in which people freely do only good.
2) Only works if it is part of traditional theism that Gods Omnibenevolence implies that God would
prevent all evil.
Plantingas Free will defense (A response to Mackies Logical argument from evil) - ** VERIFIED
ANSWERS **✔✔He wants to offer a cause and effect for the proof of 1-3. He needs to stay consistent
with 1 and 2 and together with 1 and 2 imply 3. He does this by use of Trans World Depravity.
1) An omnipotent, all good God Exists.
2) Possible every poerson suffers from trans world depravity
3) God actualizes a world with moral good
4C) Evil exists.
Plantingas Quantitative Free Will Defense - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔1. A perfectly good God
exists
The logical problem of evil - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The world is full of evil- theist and
athesit agree. All knowing god knows there is evil, all good being would stop it and all powerful
could stop it. All three can not stay if evil exists.
Free will defense - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔God maximized the goodness in the world by
creating free being. A free being means that we have the choice to do evil things- A choice that some
of us exercise. This preserves Gods goodness because he created the best possible world by making
us free and preserves his knowledge and power becuase he knows about evil and could stop it but
wants to maintain our freedom. The issue with this is that it only focuses on moral evil which is evil
committed on purpose by humans. This does not resolve the issue of natural evil like earthquakes.
Epicurus Restated - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔1) If God is almighty, he can remove all evil.
2) If God is all good, he would will to remove all evil
3) But there is Evil
4C) Hence, it isn't the case that God is almighty and all good.
Epicurus and the problem of evil - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔God is either:
1) Wills but is unable
2) Able and unwilling
3) Neither willing nor able
4) He is both willing and able
If (1) He is feeble, not a characteristic of God.
If (2) He is envious, not a characteristic of God.
If (3) He is both envious and feeble, not a characteristic of God
If (4) which is the only possible one suitable for God, from what source are evils or why does He not
remove them?
, Mackie Restated - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔1) God is Omni potent
2) God is Wholly good
3) Evil Exists
4) A good thing always eliminates (prevents the occurrence of) evil as far as it can
5) There are no limits to what an omnipotnent thing can do
6) Hence a good, omnipotent thing eliminates evil completely
7) Hence contradiction
Trans World Depravity - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Consider all possible (not actual) worlds in
which you always choose the right.
In all those, there will be a subpart of the world that says you were free to choose a certain right or
wrong action, but does not say whether you chose it.
If that subpart were actual (in the real world), then you'd chose the wrong.
Objection to Plantinga (Which philosopher said this??) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔1)There are
possible worlds in which people freely do only good.
2) Only works if it is part of traditional theism that Gods Omnibenevolence implies that God would
prevent all evil.
Plantingas Free will defense (A response to Mackies Logical argument from evil) - ** VERIFIED
ANSWERS **✔✔He wants to offer a cause and effect for the proof of 1-3. He needs to stay consistent
with 1 and 2 and together with 1 and 2 imply 3. He does this by use of Trans World Depravity.
1) An omnipotent, all good God Exists.
2) Possible every poerson suffers from trans world depravity
3) God actualizes a world with moral good
4C) Evil exists.
Plantingas Quantitative Free Will Defense - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔1. A perfectly good God
exists
