CSB601 EXAM STUDY SET @
2024- 2025
Active ingredient - Answer chemical in a medicine that has a therapeutic effect, the
ingredient that, 'makes it work.'
Brand name - Answer manufacturers use a more memorable name to sell the drug,
rather than using the name of the active ingredient
Bioequivalence - Answer the active ingredient is identical and the medicine is
manufactured to have the same effect in the body
Pharmacoiinetics - Answer what the body does to the drug, how does it change the
drug? How does it absorb it? Distribute it? Metabolise it? Eliminate it?
Pharmacodynamics - Answer What the drug does to the body - what receptors does it
activate/inactive? What is its mechanism of action? What unwanted effects does it
cause?
First-pass metabolism - Answer is when a drug is metabolised by the liver before it
reaches systemic circulation. (e.g. drugs given orally) The more a drug is broken down
by first-pass metabolism, the less of the active drug reaches systemic circulation, and
therefore the less effective that dose of drug will be. This is why drugs like morphine are
often given IV: we need a much higher oral dose to have the same effect as a small IV
dose, because it is so extensively metabolised by first-pass metabolism
Hepatic Impairment - Answer Liver failure or hepatic insufficiency is the inability of the
liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal
physiology.
Beta blocier - Answer drugs that block the effects of adrenaline, the hormone that
triggers your body's fight or flight response. Often used to control heart rhythm, treat
angina and reduce hypertension
Vasoconstriction - Answer the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood
pressure
What are the four main chambers of fluid in the body into which a drug may be
distributed? - Answer 1. Blood (plasma)
2. Fat
3. Intracellular fluid (fluid within cells)
4. Extracellular fluid (fluid outside cells)
, What's the difference between first order and zero order elimination? Which one of
these will give a drug a higher risi of being overdosed on? - Answer First order
elimination means that the more drug is in the plasma, the faster it is eliminated. There
is no enzyme saturation. A zero-order elimination means that there is an enzyme that is
necessary for metabolism and excretion that may be saturated and not able to clear
drug as fast as it enters plasma. Drugs with zero order elimination are more likely to be
overdosedon because they aren't cleared faster if there is more of it in the body
(meaning that it may build up in the body as the enzymes become saturated
What is a histamine? - Answer a compound which is released by cells in response to
injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle
and dilation of capillaries.
What is an antihistamine - Answer a drug or other compound that inhibits the
physiological effects of histamine, used especially in the treatment of allergies.
antihistamine MOA - Answer Block cell receptors to histamine (H1 or H2) DO NOT
prevent histamine release from mast cells and basophils
Antihistamine effects - Answer Reduce dilation of blood vessels
Reduce increased permeability of blood vessels
what are the categories of antihistamines ? - Answer sedating & less sedating
antihistamines contraindications - Answer GI (gastrointestinal) obstruction, bladder
outlet obstruction.
Those at risk of PACG (primary angle-closure glaucoma),
caution with alcohol or driving,
can also cause urinary retention o
Can increase the effects of alcohol
Intranasal Corticosteroids MOA - Answer Local anti-inflammatory, decreased (lower)
capillary permeability, lower mucous production and cause nasal vasocontraction (stop
the fluid leaking out of the vascular system and leaking through the nose)
Intranasal Corticosteroids Indications - Answer allergic rhinitis
Decongestants MOA - Answer produce vasoconstriction by stimulating alpha
adrenoceptors within the mucosa of the respiratory tract
decongestants effects - Answer Vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa
Reduce tissue swelling
Reduce leaking of fluids
2024- 2025
Active ingredient - Answer chemical in a medicine that has a therapeutic effect, the
ingredient that, 'makes it work.'
Brand name - Answer manufacturers use a more memorable name to sell the drug,
rather than using the name of the active ingredient
Bioequivalence - Answer the active ingredient is identical and the medicine is
manufactured to have the same effect in the body
Pharmacoiinetics - Answer what the body does to the drug, how does it change the
drug? How does it absorb it? Distribute it? Metabolise it? Eliminate it?
Pharmacodynamics - Answer What the drug does to the body - what receptors does it
activate/inactive? What is its mechanism of action? What unwanted effects does it
cause?
First-pass metabolism - Answer is when a drug is metabolised by the liver before it
reaches systemic circulation. (e.g. drugs given orally) The more a drug is broken down
by first-pass metabolism, the less of the active drug reaches systemic circulation, and
therefore the less effective that dose of drug will be. This is why drugs like morphine are
often given IV: we need a much higher oral dose to have the same effect as a small IV
dose, because it is so extensively metabolised by first-pass metabolism
Hepatic Impairment - Answer Liver failure or hepatic insufficiency is the inability of the
liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal
physiology.
Beta blocier - Answer drugs that block the effects of adrenaline, the hormone that
triggers your body's fight or flight response. Often used to control heart rhythm, treat
angina and reduce hypertension
Vasoconstriction - Answer the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood
pressure
What are the four main chambers of fluid in the body into which a drug may be
distributed? - Answer 1. Blood (plasma)
2. Fat
3. Intracellular fluid (fluid within cells)
4. Extracellular fluid (fluid outside cells)
, What's the difference between first order and zero order elimination? Which one of
these will give a drug a higher risi of being overdosed on? - Answer First order
elimination means that the more drug is in the plasma, the faster it is eliminated. There
is no enzyme saturation. A zero-order elimination means that there is an enzyme that is
necessary for metabolism and excretion that may be saturated and not able to clear
drug as fast as it enters plasma. Drugs with zero order elimination are more likely to be
overdosedon because they aren't cleared faster if there is more of it in the body
(meaning that it may build up in the body as the enzymes become saturated
What is a histamine? - Answer a compound which is released by cells in response to
injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle
and dilation of capillaries.
What is an antihistamine - Answer a drug or other compound that inhibits the
physiological effects of histamine, used especially in the treatment of allergies.
antihistamine MOA - Answer Block cell receptors to histamine (H1 or H2) DO NOT
prevent histamine release from mast cells and basophils
Antihistamine effects - Answer Reduce dilation of blood vessels
Reduce increased permeability of blood vessels
what are the categories of antihistamines ? - Answer sedating & less sedating
antihistamines contraindications - Answer GI (gastrointestinal) obstruction, bladder
outlet obstruction.
Those at risk of PACG (primary angle-closure glaucoma),
caution with alcohol or driving,
can also cause urinary retention o
Can increase the effects of alcohol
Intranasal Corticosteroids MOA - Answer Local anti-inflammatory, decreased (lower)
capillary permeability, lower mucous production and cause nasal vasocontraction (stop
the fluid leaking out of the vascular system and leaking through the nose)
Intranasal Corticosteroids Indications - Answer allergic rhinitis
Decongestants MOA - Answer produce vasoconstriction by stimulating alpha
adrenoceptors within the mucosa of the respiratory tract
decongestants effects - Answer Vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa
Reduce tissue swelling
Reduce leaking of fluids
