Exam (elaborations) THE PCCN

THE PCCN EXAM
(ACTUAL 2024-2025)
QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS

, What is the function of the cardiovascular system - CORRECT ANSWERS-to drive O2
to the cell so that the cell can make ATP for energy production

What is the formula for CARDIAC OUTPUT - CORRECT ANSWERS-Stroke volume x
Heart Rate

CO = HR X SV ( Preload + Afterload + Contractility)

What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each
MINUTE? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cardiac Output ( approximately 4 - 8 LPM )

What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle each
BEAT? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Stroke Volume

What is the term for the number of contractions / minute? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Heart Rate

IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS TO KNOW - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. CO
DECREASED -> HR INCREASES ( to maintain adequate stroke volume )

2. CO INCREASED -> HR DECREASES ( as stroke volume decreases )

3. HR DECREASED -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES

4. HR INCREASES ( > 150 ) -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES

5. SV DECREASES -> CO DECREASES and HR INCREASES

6. SV INCREASES -> CO INCREASES and HR DECREASES

What is the term for the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle per minute adjusted
for body size - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cardiac Index

What is a normal cardiac index? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Normal = 2.5 to 4.4 L/min/m2
**Always utilize CI values on exam (especially for bigger patients)

What is a normal amount (mL/beat) for stroke volume? - CORRECT ANSWERS-60 to
100 mL

What is the term for the end-diastolic volume stretching the ventricle? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Preload

( increased fluid = increased stroke volume )