Industrial Psychology Unit 1
industrial organizational psychology - Answer-the application of psych principles and
theories to the workplace
scientist/ practitioner model - Answer-an approach used to train IO psychologists
maintaining that because IO psychologists are both generators and consumers of
knowledge, training must be focused on both theory and application
competencies - Answer-the skills, behaviors, and capabilities that allow employees to
preform specific functions
disseration - Answer-a unique piece of scholarly research that is usually the last hurdle
before obtaining a PhD
army alpha and army beta - Answer-Mental ability test developed by IO psychologists
during WWI used to select and classify personnel ex. Hawthorne illumination study
why do people work? - Answer-benefits, money, enjoyment
IO psych - Answer-tries to make work more efficient by making people more productive
and also makes work meaningful
Ed Schein - Answer-created the definition of organization
organization - Answer-a planned coordination of number of people, achievement of
common purpose or goal in all organizations, division of labor and function-not everyone
does the same thing, hierarchy of authority and responsibility-layers of power
ex. lafayette college
organizational socialization - Answer-behaviors that are defined as normal based on
what people do
,formal vs informal aspects of organization - Answer-formal-how organization is
suppose to work, organizational plan (way things should work), informal-groups or
cliques that function within the organization (less explicit, individual needs and desires,
own agendas and plans)
IO psychology - Answer-scientific study of behavior in organizations
scientist practitioner model - Answer-take scientific study and apply it to the workplace
goals of IO psych behavior - Answer-describe (need to know what we are dealing with),
predict (correlational procedure), understand, control (we want to be more productive so
we control a part of the behavior)
Industrial psych - Answer-concerned with human resource management- recruitment,
selection, training, tends to be quantitative and rests on a foundation of individual
differences to improve organization , find optimal fit
organization psychology - Answer-bigger topics, leadership, power and motivation of
organization, psychological research
organizational behavior - Answer-similar to organization psych but it is even broader,
interdisciplinary, economics, sociology, politics, science
practice in IO psych - Answer-about 42% work in academia, about half are in business
school and half in psych departments, the others are working in nonprofits or consulting
firms
fundamental problems or tasks organizations face - Answer-set goals, organize the
work to reach goals, recruit, select, and train human resources, create conditions to
maintain worker effectiveness(how do we keep someone doing the same job day after
day satisfied in that position), change organization in response to internal and external
pressures (we look at inputs and outputs coming into the organization, and how they
respond to the pressures), effectively deal with competitors
in psych we are interested in.. - Answer-general laws
wundt - Answer-1879- first person to set of a lab, originated scientific psychology in
Leipzig, looked at
differential psychologists - Answer-looks at individual differences ex. William Stern,
James Mckeen Cattell (1860-1944) they were interested in structures (structuralism)
context for industrial psychology (precursors) - Answer-people were interested in
progress in new ideas, wanted to improve work and organizations (progressive era),
and interested in welfare, managers were being introduced because there was an
increase in workers
,there was an influence of Darwin-created evolutionary theory and looked at
functionalism
advertising and psych - Answer-people noted the importance of psychology through
advertising, the initial forays
europe - Answer-focused on fatigue and the psychological affects of it
selection - Answer-most prominent in IO psych, we want to chose the person that is
best qualified and the best at the job which will allow the organization to be the most
efficient, we can use individual differences to select people, we can demonstrate this
empirically through scientific method
scientific management - Answer-precursor for IO psych, Fredrick Taylor, 1)we can
improve the technology 2) can improve the individuals and how they do the job
ex. 10 tons of coke to 47 tons (based on pace rate-time paid directly to performance)
*this opened the door to IP it got managers attuned to outside experts to come in and
help organizations and set economic criteria
beginnings of a discipline - Answer-Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955), Hugo Munsterburg
(1863-1916)
science - Answer-a process or method for generating a body of knowledge
theory - Answer-a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, and proportions that
present a systematic view of a phenomenon by specifying relations among variables
with the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomenon
induction - Answer-an approach to science that consists of working from data to theory
deduction - Answer-an approach to science in which we start with theory and
propositions and then collect data to test those propositions -working with theory to data
casual interference - Answer-a conclusion drawn from research data about the
likelihood of a casual relationship between two variables
independent variable - Answer-The variable that is varied or manipulated by the
researcher.
dependent variable - Answer-The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which
the research is interested.
extraneous variable - Answer-any variable other than the independent variable that can
cause a change in the dependent variable and therefore affect the results of the
experiment in an unwanted way
, external validity - Answer-degree to which the findings from a study can be generalized
to a larger population
hypothesis - Answer-A speculative statement about the relationship between two or
more variables
experimental methods - Answer-research procedures that are distinguished by random
assignment of participants to conditions and the manipulation of IV
random assignment - Answer-An experimental method that ensures that each
participant has an equal chance of being assigns to either the experimental or the
control group. This is required in order to determine if there is a cause and effect
relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
manipulation - Answer-the systematic control, variation, or application of IV to different
groups of participants
field experiment - Answer-an approach to research that employs the random
assignment and manipulation of an experiment, but does so outside the lab
quasi-experiment - Answer-A type of research design where a comparison is made, as
in an experiment, but no random assignment of participants to groups occurs
observational methods - Answer-research procedures that make use of data gathered
from observation of behaviors and processes in order to describe a relationship or
pattern of relationships
unobtrusive naturalistic observation - Answer-an observational technique whereby the
researcher unobtrusively and objectively observes individuals but does not try to blend
in with them
case studies - Answer-examinations of a single individual, group, company, or society
archival research - Answer-research relying on secondary data sets that were collected
either for general or specific purposes identified by and individual or organization
surveys - Answer-data collection technique that involves selecting a sample of
respondents and administering some type of questionnaire
experience sampling methodology - Answer-a technique that allows researchers to
obtain repeated real time reports of phenomena such as moods and emotions through
the use of technology such as smartphones and other mobile devices
measurement - Answer-the assignment of numbers to objects or events using rules in
such a way as to represent specified attributes of the objects
industrial organizational psychology - Answer-the application of psych principles and
theories to the workplace
scientist/ practitioner model - Answer-an approach used to train IO psychologists
maintaining that because IO psychologists are both generators and consumers of
knowledge, training must be focused on both theory and application
competencies - Answer-the skills, behaviors, and capabilities that allow employees to
preform specific functions
disseration - Answer-a unique piece of scholarly research that is usually the last hurdle
before obtaining a PhD
army alpha and army beta - Answer-Mental ability test developed by IO psychologists
during WWI used to select and classify personnel ex. Hawthorne illumination study
why do people work? - Answer-benefits, money, enjoyment
IO psych - Answer-tries to make work more efficient by making people more productive
and also makes work meaningful
Ed Schein - Answer-created the definition of organization
organization - Answer-a planned coordination of number of people, achievement of
common purpose or goal in all organizations, division of labor and function-not everyone
does the same thing, hierarchy of authority and responsibility-layers of power
ex. lafayette college
organizational socialization - Answer-behaviors that are defined as normal based on
what people do
,formal vs informal aspects of organization - Answer-formal-how organization is
suppose to work, organizational plan (way things should work), informal-groups or
cliques that function within the organization (less explicit, individual needs and desires,
own agendas and plans)
IO psychology - Answer-scientific study of behavior in organizations
scientist practitioner model - Answer-take scientific study and apply it to the workplace
goals of IO psych behavior - Answer-describe (need to know what we are dealing with),
predict (correlational procedure), understand, control (we want to be more productive so
we control a part of the behavior)
Industrial psych - Answer-concerned with human resource management- recruitment,
selection, training, tends to be quantitative and rests on a foundation of individual
differences to improve organization , find optimal fit
organization psychology - Answer-bigger topics, leadership, power and motivation of
organization, psychological research
organizational behavior - Answer-similar to organization psych but it is even broader,
interdisciplinary, economics, sociology, politics, science
practice in IO psych - Answer-about 42% work in academia, about half are in business
school and half in psych departments, the others are working in nonprofits or consulting
firms
fundamental problems or tasks organizations face - Answer-set goals, organize the
work to reach goals, recruit, select, and train human resources, create conditions to
maintain worker effectiveness(how do we keep someone doing the same job day after
day satisfied in that position), change organization in response to internal and external
pressures (we look at inputs and outputs coming into the organization, and how they
respond to the pressures), effectively deal with competitors
in psych we are interested in.. - Answer-general laws
wundt - Answer-1879- first person to set of a lab, originated scientific psychology in
Leipzig, looked at
differential psychologists - Answer-looks at individual differences ex. William Stern,
James Mckeen Cattell (1860-1944) they were interested in structures (structuralism)
context for industrial psychology (precursors) - Answer-people were interested in
progress in new ideas, wanted to improve work and organizations (progressive era),
and interested in welfare, managers were being introduced because there was an
increase in workers
,there was an influence of Darwin-created evolutionary theory and looked at
functionalism
advertising and psych - Answer-people noted the importance of psychology through
advertising, the initial forays
europe - Answer-focused on fatigue and the psychological affects of it
selection - Answer-most prominent in IO psych, we want to chose the person that is
best qualified and the best at the job which will allow the organization to be the most
efficient, we can use individual differences to select people, we can demonstrate this
empirically through scientific method
scientific management - Answer-precursor for IO psych, Fredrick Taylor, 1)we can
improve the technology 2) can improve the individuals and how they do the job
ex. 10 tons of coke to 47 tons (based on pace rate-time paid directly to performance)
*this opened the door to IP it got managers attuned to outside experts to come in and
help organizations and set economic criteria
beginnings of a discipline - Answer-Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955), Hugo Munsterburg
(1863-1916)
science - Answer-a process or method for generating a body of knowledge
theory - Answer-a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, and proportions that
present a systematic view of a phenomenon by specifying relations among variables
with the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomenon
induction - Answer-an approach to science that consists of working from data to theory
deduction - Answer-an approach to science in which we start with theory and
propositions and then collect data to test those propositions -working with theory to data
casual interference - Answer-a conclusion drawn from research data about the
likelihood of a casual relationship between two variables
independent variable - Answer-The variable that is varied or manipulated by the
researcher.
dependent variable - Answer-The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which
the research is interested.
extraneous variable - Answer-any variable other than the independent variable that can
cause a change in the dependent variable and therefore affect the results of the
experiment in an unwanted way
, external validity - Answer-degree to which the findings from a study can be generalized
to a larger population
hypothesis - Answer-A speculative statement about the relationship between two or
more variables
experimental methods - Answer-research procedures that are distinguished by random
assignment of participants to conditions and the manipulation of IV
random assignment - Answer-An experimental method that ensures that each
participant has an equal chance of being assigns to either the experimental or the
control group. This is required in order to determine if there is a cause and effect
relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
manipulation - Answer-the systematic control, variation, or application of IV to different
groups of participants
field experiment - Answer-an approach to research that employs the random
assignment and manipulation of an experiment, but does so outside the lab
quasi-experiment - Answer-A type of research design where a comparison is made, as
in an experiment, but no random assignment of participants to groups occurs
observational methods - Answer-research procedures that make use of data gathered
from observation of behaviors and processes in order to describe a relationship or
pattern of relationships
unobtrusive naturalistic observation - Answer-an observational technique whereby the
researcher unobtrusively and objectively observes individuals but does not try to blend
in with them
case studies - Answer-examinations of a single individual, group, company, or society
archival research - Answer-research relying on secondary data sets that were collected
either for general or specific purposes identified by and individual or organization
surveys - Answer-data collection technique that involves selecting a sample of
respondents and administering some type of questionnaire
experience sampling methodology - Answer-a technique that allows researchers to
obtain repeated real time reports of phenomena such as moods and emotions through
the use of technology such as smartphones and other mobile devices
measurement - Answer-the assignment of numbers to objects or events using rules in
such a way as to represent specified attributes of the objects
