Industrial Psychology Exam 3
Skinner - Answer---Reinforcement theory***
--Applied principles of the reinforcement theory to the educational and learning process
--Proposed that learning results from the association between behaviors and rewards
Kirkpatrick - Answer---Created a four level model with which to categorize training criteria
Level 1—reaction criteria
•Measures of trainee impressions of the training program
•Affective reactions & utility judgments
Level 2—learning criteria
•Measures that assess how much was learned in the training program
•Immediate knowledge, knowledge retention, & behavior/skill demonstration
Level 3—behavioral criteria
•Measures of how well the behaviors learned in training transfer to the job
•Transfer
Level 4—results criteria
•Measures of how well training can be related to organizational outcomes such as productivity gains,
cost savings, error reductions, or increased customer satisfaction
•Results
, --Internal criteria (reaction & learning)
Measures that assess trainee reactions to and learning in the training program; generally assessed
before trainees leave the training program
--External criteria (behavioral & results)
Measures that assess whether changes as a result of training occur when trainees are back on the job
Reinforcement Theory - Answer---Works by increasing or decreasing the likelihood of a behavior
happening again
Reward --> increase
Punishment --> decrease
--Reinforcement: increases likelihood of a behavior
--Punishment: decreases likelihood of a behavior
--Learning results from association between behaviors & rewards
~Positive reinforcement: Add desirable stimulus; increase behavior
~Negative reinforcement: Remove undesirable stimulus; increase behavior
~Positive punishment: Add undesirable stimulus; decrease behavior
~Negative punishment: Remove desirable stimulus; decrease behavior
Social Learning Theory - Answer---proposes that there are many ways to learn including:
~Behavioral modeling (i.e. policeman taking gun out of holster)
•1. Observe actual job incumbents demonstrate positive modeling behaviors
•2. Rehearse before using role-playing
•3. Receive feedback on rehearsal
•4. Try behavior on the job
--Book definition: cognitive theory that proposes that there are many ways to learn, including
observational learning, which occurs when people watch someone perform a task and then rehearse
those activities mentally until they have an opportunity for evaluation of individual performance
Skinner - Answer---Reinforcement theory***
--Applied principles of the reinforcement theory to the educational and learning process
--Proposed that learning results from the association between behaviors and rewards
Kirkpatrick - Answer---Created a four level model with which to categorize training criteria
Level 1—reaction criteria
•Measures of trainee impressions of the training program
•Affective reactions & utility judgments
Level 2—learning criteria
•Measures that assess how much was learned in the training program
•Immediate knowledge, knowledge retention, & behavior/skill demonstration
Level 3—behavioral criteria
•Measures of how well the behaviors learned in training transfer to the job
•Transfer
Level 4—results criteria
•Measures of how well training can be related to organizational outcomes such as productivity gains,
cost savings, error reductions, or increased customer satisfaction
•Results
, --Internal criteria (reaction & learning)
Measures that assess trainee reactions to and learning in the training program; generally assessed
before trainees leave the training program
--External criteria (behavioral & results)
Measures that assess whether changes as a result of training occur when trainees are back on the job
Reinforcement Theory - Answer---Works by increasing or decreasing the likelihood of a behavior
happening again
Reward --> increase
Punishment --> decrease
--Reinforcement: increases likelihood of a behavior
--Punishment: decreases likelihood of a behavior
--Learning results from association between behaviors & rewards
~Positive reinforcement: Add desirable stimulus; increase behavior
~Negative reinforcement: Remove undesirable stimulus; increase behavior
~Positive punishment: Add undesirable stimulus; decrease behavior
~Negative punishment: Remove desirable stimulus; decrease behavior
Social Learning Theory - Answer---proposes that there are many ways to learn including:
~Behavioral modeling (i.e. policeman taking gun out of holster)
•1. Observe actual job incumbents demonstrate positive modeling behaviors
•2. Rehearse before using role-playing
•3. Receive feedback on rehearsal
•4. Try behavior on the job
--Book definition: cognitive theory that proposes that there are many ways to learn, including
observational learning, which occurs when people watch someone perform a task and then rehearse
those activities mentally until they have an opportunity for evaluation of individual performance
