Australopithecus Australopithecus Australopithecus Homo Habilis Homo Homo Homo Sapiens
Afarensis Africanus Sediba Erectus Neanderthalensis
examples 1. Laetoli 1. Taung child 1. Handy mann 1. Turkana
footprints 2. Mrs Ples 2. Co-existed boy
2. Lucy 3. Little foot with
Australopithecus
Age - MYA 4-3 3-2 2- 1.7 2,4 - 1,6 1,8 - 0,3 0.23 - 0.03 0.2-present
Cranial (cc) 435 - small 450 450 1000 1450 1350
build Low forehead, Long arms and Long arms, Robust Males = tall 1,6m high, heavy 1.6-1.8m high,
flat nose, sloping shorter legs, short strong skeleton, long as modern skeleton, slender build,
face, light build, short, higher hands, wider arms, shorter humans, forebrain smaller upright, flat
long arms, short forehead, pelvis, long legs legs, cranium bipedal, than modern forehead, small
shorter face, flat rounded, tool users humans, forehead face, long legs
nose scavengers, 1st and makers slopes back, long and short arms
tool maker face
skull/shape Strongly Strongly Less Slightly Flatter / Foramen
prognathic prognathic, prognathous prognathic, vertical, magnum
foramen foramen foramen centrally under
magnum further magnum magnum in skull, skull is
forward further than centre rounded, chin is
Au. Africanus strong
Brow ridge Large brow Large brow Brow ridge, no Large brow smaller small No brow ridge
ridge, no cranial ridge, no cranial cranial ridge ridge
ridge ridge
Bipedal? yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Diastema? yes no Slight no no no no
Afarensis Africanus Sediba Erectus Neanderthalensis
examples 1. Laetoli 1. Taung child 1. Handy mann 1. Turkana
footprints 2. Mrs Ples 2. Co-existed boy
2. Lucy 3. Little foot with
Australopithecus
Age - MYA 4-3 3-2 2- 1.7 2,4 - 1,6 1,8 - 0,3 0.23 - 0.03 0.2-present
Cranial (cc) 435 - small 450 450 1000 1450 1350
build Low forehead, Long arms and Long arms, Robust Males = tall 1,6m high, heavy 1.6-1.8m high,
flat nose, sloping shorter legs, short strong skeleton, long as modern skeleton, slender build,
face, light build, short, higher hands, wider arms, shorter humans, forebrain smaller upright, flat
long arms, short forehead, pelvis, long legs legs, cranium bipedal, than modern forehead, small
shorter face, flat rounded, tool users humans, forehead face, long legs
nose scavengers, 1st and makers slopes back, long and short arms
tool maker face
skull/shape Strongly Strongly Less Slightly Flatter / Foramen
prognathic prognathic, prognathous prognathic, vertical, magnum
foramen foramen foramen centrally under
magnum further magnum magnum in skull, skull is
forward further than centre rounded, chin is
Au. Africanus strong
Brow ridge Large brow Large brow Brow ridge, no Large brow smaller small No brow ridge
ridge, no cranial ridge, no cranial cranial ridge ridge
ridge ridge
Bipedal? yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Diastema? yes no Slight no no no no
