WGU D564 Theories of Personality Final
Exam Study Guide || With Questions &
Answers (100% Correct)
Conceptial Research 2024
, WGU D564 Theories of Personality Final
Exam Study Guide || With Questions &
Answers (100% Correct)
the idea similar to that of a sculptor that shapes a piece of clay into a statue by
gradually shaving here and there until a square block comes to resemble a person or an
animal. the process happens in small steps, but the result can be amazing (e.g.,
Skinner teaching from the doorway). - ANSWER - shaping
an aversive consequence that follows an act in order to stop the act and prevent its
repetition. - ANSWER - punishment
1. availability of alternatives (e.g., Halloween party so kids avoid pranks)
2. behavioral and situational specificity
3. timing and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for making mess hours earlier)
4. conditioning secondary punishing stimuli (e.g., counting to 3)
5. avoiding mixed messages (e.g., cuddling with child after punishing) - ANSWER - five
principles of how to punish
1. punishment arouses emotion
2. it is difficult to be consistent
3. it is difficult to gauge the severity of punishment
4. punishment teaches misuse of power
5. punishment motivates concealment - ANSWER - dangers of punishment
in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, all of the behaviors an individual might do,
ranked in order from most to least probable. - ANSWER - habit hierarchy
in learning theories, a state of psychological tension, the reduction of which feels good. -
ANSWER - drive
in learning theories, a drive that is innate to an organism, such as the hunger drive. -
ANSWER - primary drives
in learning theories, a drive that is learned through its association with primary drives,
and includes drives for love, prestige, money, power, and the avoidance of fear and of
humiliation. - ANSWER - secondary drives
in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, the hypothesis that frustration
automatically creates an impulse toward aggression. - ANSWER - frustration-
aggression hypothesis
, in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, the psychological conflict induced by a
stimulus that is at once attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving) - ANSWER - approach-
avoidance conflict
1. an increase in drive strength will increase the tendency to approach or avoid a goal.
2. whenever there are two competing responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one with
greater drive strength behind it) will win out.
3. the tendency to approach a positive goal increases the closer one gets to the goal.
4. the tendency to avoid a negative goal also increases the closer one gets to that goal
5. most important, tendency 4 is stronger than tendency 3. - ANSWER - five key
assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict
Rotter's theory of how the value and perceived attainability of a goal combine to affect
the probability of a goal-seeking behavior. - ANSWER - expectancy value theory
in Rotter's social learning theory, the degree to which an individual believes a behavior
will probably attain its goal. - ANSWER - expectancy
in Bandura's social learning theory, one's belief that one can perform a given goal-
directed behavior. - ANSWER - efficacy expectations
Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories - ANSWER -
Chapter 15
in behaviorism, a change in behavior as a result of experience. - ANSWER - learning
the theoretical view of personality that focuses on overt behavior and the ways in which
it can be affected by rewards and punishments in the environment. a modern variant is
the social learning approach, which adds a concern with how behavior is affected by
observation, self-evaluation, and social interaction; also called the learning approach; -
ANSWER - behaviorism
in behaviorism, a description of how a behavior is a function of the environment of the
person or animal that performs it. - ANSWER - functional analysis
the idea that everything a person knows comes from experience. - ANSWER -
empiricism
Latin for "blank slate," term used by 19th century philosopher John Locke used to
describe the mind of a newborn baby ready to be written on by experience. - ANSWER -
tabula rasa
the idea that all complex ideas are combinations of two or more simple ideas. -
ANSWER - associationism
Exam Study Guide || With Questions &
Answers (100% Correct)
Conceptial Research 2024
, WGU D564 Theories of Personality Final
Exam Study Guide || With Questions &
Answers (100% Correct)
the idea similar to that of a sculptor that shapes a piece of clay into a statue by
gradually shaving here and there until a square block comes to resemble a person or an
animal. the process happens in small steps, but the result can be amazing (e.g.,
Skinner teaching from the doorway). - ANSWER - shaping
an aversive consequence that follows an act in order to stop the act and prevent its
repetition. - ANSWER - punishment
1. availability of alternatives (e.g., Halloween party so kids avoid pranks)
2. behavioral and situational specificity
3. timing and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for making mess hours earlier)
4. conditioning secondary punishing stimuli (e.g., counting to 3)
5. avoiding mixed messages (e.g., cuddling with child after punishing) - ANSWER - five
principles of how to punish
1. punishment arouses emotion
2. it is difficult to be consistent
3. it is difficult to gauge the severity of punishment
4. punishment teaches misuse of power
5. punishment motivates concealment - ANSWER - dangers of punishment
in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, all of the behaviors an individual might do,
ranked in order from most to least probable. - ANSWER - habit hierarchy
in learning theories, a state of psychological tension, the reduction of which feels good. -
ANSWER - drive
in learning theories, a drive that is innate to an organism, such as the hunger drive. -
ANSWER - primary drives
in learning theories, a drive that is learned through its association with primary drives,
and includes drives for love, prestige, money, power, and the avoidance of fear and of
humiliation. - ANSWER - secondary drives
in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, the hypothesis that frustration
automatically creates an impulse toward aggression. - ANSWER - frustration-
aggression hypothesis
, in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, the psychological conflict induced by a
stimulus that is at once attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving) - ANSWER - approach-
avoidance conflict
1. an increase in drive strength will increase the tendency to approach or avoid a goal.
2. whenever there are two competing responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one with
greater drive strength behind it) will win out.
3. the tendency to approach a positive goal increases the closer one gets to the goal.
4. the tendency to avoid a negative goal also increases the closer one gets to that goal
5. most important, tendency 4 is stronger than tendency 3. - ANSWER - five key
assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict
Rotter's theory of how the value and perceived attainability of a goal combine to affect
the probability of a goal-seeking behavior. - ANSWER - expectancy value theory
in Rotter's social learning theory, the degree to which an individual believes a behavior
will probably attain its goal. - ANSWER - expectancy
in Bandura's social learning theory, one's belief that one can perform a given goal-
directed behavior. - ANSWER - efficacy expectations
Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories - ANSWER -
Chapter 15
in behaviorism, a change in behavior as a result of experience. - ANSWER - learning
the theoretical view of personality that focuses on overt behavior and the ways in which
it can be affected by rewards and punishments in the environment. a modern variant is
the social learning approach, which adds a concern with how behavior is affected by
observation, self-evaluation, and social interaction; also called the learning approach; -
ANSWER - behaviorism
in behaviorism, a description of how a behavior is a function of the environment of the
person or animal that performs it. - ANSWER - functional analysis
the idea that everything a person knows comes from experience. - ANSWER -
empiricism
Latin for "blank slate," term used by 19th century philosopher John Locke used to
describe the mind of a newborn baby ready to be written on by experience. - ANSWER -
tabula rasa
the idea that all complex ideas are combinations of two or more simple ideas. -
ANSWER - associationism
