Medca: Phlebotomy Technician Study Guide

Fomites - answer-materials that carry infections Hand washing - answer-the single most important way to prevent the spread of infection Wash hands with soap and water - answer-what do you do when you are stuck by a needle Blood pressure - answer-pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels Arterial - answer-blood pressure usually refers to the ____________ pressure of systemic circulation Systolic pressure - answer-____________ is maximum while diastolic pressure is minimum Decreases - answer-blood pressure _______________ when blood moves away from the heart Inside - answer-blood pressure is usually measured on the _________ of the elbow, at a person's upper arm 120/80 - answer-what is the normal blood pressure reading (with systolic being the higher number, and diastolic being the lower number) Systolic - answer--heart contracting -maximum arterial pressure during the contraction is in the left ventricle -also called ventricular contraction Diastolic - answer--relaxation and dilation(expansion) period -minimum arterial pressure is when ventricles are filled with blood Diastolic sound - answer-sound heard during diastole Pulse - answer-rhythmical expansion of arteries due to heart contractions Increases - answer-when you breathe in your heart rate __________ Ankle - answer-your pulse can be felt at the wrist(radial artery), neck(carotid artery), inside elbow(brachial artery), behind knee(popliteal artery), and around the ________________ joint(posterior tibial artery) Index and middle - answer-the _________ _____ _______________ fingers can feel for the pulse Thumb - answer-what has a pulse of it's own 120-60 - answer-what should someone's pulse rate be between Serum - answer-when blood clots what is the fluid called Homeostasis - answer-what is the steady state of the body called Bone marrow - answer-where is blood made 95 - answer-the bone marrow produces __% of the blood cells using the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes to help with cell regulation Stem cells - answer-what do blood cells originate as Platelets - answer-blood cells include, red blood cells(erythrocytes), white blood cells(leukocytes), and ______________(thrombocytes) 45 - answer-erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes make up __% of the blood tissue Plasma - answer-what makes up 55% of the blood tissue 8 - answer-blood makes up _% of the average humans body weight 5 - answer-how many liters of blood are in the body Ph - answer-measures the hydrogen ion concentration 7.35 to 7.45 - answer-what should the normal blood ph level be Acidic - answer-less than the 7.35 ph blood level would be considered what Alkaline - answer-more than the 7.45 ph blood level would be considered what Carbon dioxide - answer-what does blood primarily carry out of the body tissues White blood cells - answer-what cell contains a nucleus and 46 Red blood cells - answer-blood cell that carries oxygen to body tissues Hemoglobin - answer-iron-containing pigment that gives erythrocytes their color Anemia - answer-term known as not having enough red blood cells that contain iron Polycythemia - answer--term known as having too many red blood cell that contain iron -also known as hematochromatosis 100-120 days - answer-life span of an erythrocyte 2 million - answer-how many red blood cells are made par second 7 days - answer-how long does it take for a red blood cell to mature Reticulocytes - answer-what are immature red blood cells called Eryptosis - answer-process of removing defective red blood cell Hematopoietic - answer-hormone in the bone marrow that produces blood cells Leukocytes - answer-what are these(use medical terminology): --granulocytes: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils --lymphoid cells: monocytes, lymphocytes Lymphocytes - answer--kills leukocytes after 13-20 days(lifespan of wbcs) -grouped in b,t,nk cells -common in lymphatic system Neutrophils - answer-defends against fungi, bacterial infection Basophils - answer-responsible for antigens and allergic reaction by releasing histamine Monocytes - answer--forerunners of macrophages -becomes macrophages 24-36 hours after entering circulatory system Eosinophils - answer-defends against parasites Immune system - answer-white blood cells are cells of the _______________ ____________ and help defend against diseases and foreign material Platelet cells - answer-cells responsible for clotting Hemorrhage - answer-what can a low amount of platelets lead to Blood clots - answer-too many platelets may result in formation of _________ __________ that can hinder blood vessels 30-60 minutes - answer-how long does it take for a blood specimen to clot Megakaryocyte - answer-what do platelets form off of Thrombopoietin - answer--the process of platelets forming is called -produced in the live & kidneys 5,000-10,000 - answer-how many platelets do megakaryocytes produce Phagocytosis - answer--the destruction of platelets takes place by what -it occurs in the spleen Spleen - answer-where are some platelets stored Fibrinogen and vwf - answer-platelets use ___________ ___ __________ as connecting agents to clump together Chemicals and water - answer-capillaries are responsible for the exchange of ________ ___ _______ between blood and tissue 2 - answer-how many layer do veins have 3 - answer-how many layers doe arteries have Aortic arches - answer-what does the arterial system develop from 4 - answer-after how many weeks of human development does the arterial system develop 30 - answer-about how many branches branch off the aorta Umbilical - answer-the venous system develops from __________ veins, the cardinal veins, and the vitelline veins Pulmonary and umbilical arteries - answer-arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart with the exception of the ___________ ___ _________ arteries Pulmonary and umbilical - answer-veins carry oxygen-deprived blood from tissues back towards the heart with the exception of the __________ ___ ___________ veins that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart Arterioles - answer--small blood vessels in microcirculations -gives blood to capillaries -carries oxygen-rich blood away from heart Capillaries - answer--small blood vessels in microcirculations -gives blood to venules -"supply cell" -two main types: continuous, fenestrated Venules - answer--small blood vessels in microcirculations -carry oxygen-deprived blood from capillaries to vein Supine - answer-the position of lying face-up on back Prone - answer-the position of lying face-down on stomach Prone position - answer-what position should patient be in if drawing from the back of the hand 12 - answer-when collecting samples for glucose testing, the patient should fast for ___hours Glycolytic action - answer-breakdown of glucose Large - answer-when drawing a venipuncture, you are looking to obtain a ______ amount of blood Chemistry determinations - answer-a large amount of blood is required for Before - answer-if blood is collected to determine medication levels, blood should be take ______ next dosage of medication Tourniquet - answer-causes blood to pool Median cubital veins - answer-what veins are preferred for venipuncture 3-4 - answer-apply tourniquet ________ inches above site 15-30 - answer-needle angle for venipuncture Capillary puncture - answer-also known as dermal puncture or finger stick Small - answer-capillary puncture used when _____ amount of blood needed, or patient is an infant or anemis 2.0 - answer-depth of lancet should be less than __ Monoject monoletter - answer-safety device for capillary blood collection Interstitial fluid - answer-another name for tissue fluid Blood smear - answer-what test do you smear blood at a 30 degree angle 90 - answer-for arterial blood gas, what angle should the needle be at Radial - answer-abg(arterial blood gas) can be done at the femoral, brachial, and ________ artery Centrifuge - answer-used to separate fluids of different densities Urine - answer-blood and _____ samples should be transported to lab quickly in order to increase chance of detecting pathogen 2 hours - answer-serum should be transported to lab withing ___ _________ to avoid erroneous results Chilled specimens - answer-what do the following have in common: -blood gasses, gastrin, ammonia, lactic acid, catecholamine, renin, and parathyroid hormone determinations Light-sensitive specimen - answer-bilirubin, beta-caotene, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin 10 minutes - answer-contact supervisor if patient does not stop bleeding after 15 minutes - answer-if patient faint, keep patient in sight for ___ _________ before releasing them Hematoma - answer--occurs as blood that pools in tissue around veins is collected -may result in bruising Hemoconcentration - answer--increased amount of large molecules and formed elements -cases may be prolonged tourniquet application or occluded veins 3 times - answer-when drawing on a patient with indwelling line or catheters, samples should be discarded ___ _____ before specimen is collected for further analysis 2 minutes - answer-prolonged tourniquet application can lead to tissue or nerve damage so tourniquet should not be left on for more than _____ ________ Bleeding time - answer--a test that identifies function disorders of platelets -measures ability to stop bleeding after wound/injury -incision 1mm deep, 5 mm long 2.5 and 9.5 - answer-normal bleeding time is _._ ___ _._ minutes 40mmhg - answer-where should the sphygmomanometer always be at 30-60 seconds - answer-how long should alcohol be left to dry on arm Blood alcohol testing - answer--test measures amount of alcohol in body -highest alcohol in blood is 1 hour after consuming alcoholic beverage -used to determine if person intoxicated Liver - answer-the majority of alcohol will be broken down within the ____. The remaining alcohol is present in the urine. Blood donor - answer-who can provide a blood bank with rbcs, plasma, platelets, blood typing reagents, blood clotting factors, proteins and immunoglobulin Autologous - answer-what type of blood donation requires you level of hemoglobin must be at least ll grams Blood - answer-what donation requires you to be in supine position after donation Carbohydrates - answer-breaks down into glucose Blood glucose test - answer--may be ordered as a fasting blood glucose test or random glucose test -usually for diabetic or suspected diabetic patient 3 hour blood gtt - answer--patients blood glucose is lower than 200mg/dl Procedure: -patient swallows glucose solution in 5 mintes -collect blood and urine samples at 30min, 1hr, 2hrs, 3hrs, Therapeutic phlebotomy - answer-use this procedure when patient has hemochromatosis, polycythemia, porphyries Porphyries - answer-metabolic disorder that is associated with enlargement of spleen and liver, pigmentation and red color in urine, and sensitivity to ligh Ti