NUR2392 (Latest 2024 / 2025 Update) Multidimensional Care II / MDC 2 | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Rasmussen

NUR2392 (Latest 2024 / 2025 Update) Multidimensional Care II / MDC 2 | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Rasmussen Metabolic acidosis causes - ANSWER -DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure, dehydration, liver failure, pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, ischemia, ethanol/methanol intoxication Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms - ANSWER -bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation), warm, flushed, dry skin. Metabolic acidosis treatment - ANSWER -hydration and medication to treat underlying problems (DKA - give insulin). Metabolic alkalosis causes - ANSWER -antacids, blood transfusion, sodium bicarbonate, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, Loop/Thiazide diuretics. Metabolic Alkalosis s/s - ANSWER -anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, decreased respiratory effort (muscle weakness). Metabolic alkalosis treatment - ANSWER -restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances Respiratory acidosis cause - ANSWER -Opioids, anesthetics, electrolyte imbalance, inadequate chest expansion, muscle weakness, airway obstruction, alveolar-capillary block. Respiratory acidosis s/s - ANSWER -bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia, ineffective respirations, pale-to-cyanotic dry skin. Respiratory acidosis treatment - ANSWER -(Assess airway) Improve gas exchange, drug therapy (bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory), oxygen therapy (lowest flow possible), ventilation. Respiratory alkalosis cause - ANSWER -Hyperventilation (fear, anxiety), mechanical ventilation, salicylate toxicity, high altitudes, early-stage acute pulmonary issues. Respiratory alkalosis s/s - ANSWER -anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU (hypocalcemia), parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, hyperventilation Respiratory alkalosis treatment - ANSWER -restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances How do acid/base imbalances affect electrolytes - ANSWER -- Potassium levels increase in acidosis as the body attempts to maintain electroneutrality during buffering. - Potassium is elevated in acute respiratory acidosis and normal/low in chronic respiratory acidosis when kidney compensation is present - Alkalosis = hypocalcemia and hypokalemia - Acidosis = hyperkalemia Alkalosis - ANSWER -hypocalcemia and hypokalemia Acidosis - ANSWER -hyperkalemia Upper GI consists of - ANSWER -mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Barret's Epithelium - ANSWER -premalignant; columnar epithelium that develops in lower esophagus Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (dumping syndrome) - ANSWER -happens in PT with gastrectomy, from rapid emptying of food contents into the small intestine. Dumping syndrome S/S - ANSWER -nausea, distension, cramping pains, diarrhea within 15 minutes after eating Leukoplakia - ANSWER -thickened, white, firmly attached patches; slightly raised/rounded; most benign Erythroplakia - ANSWER -precancerous, red, velvety, the floor of mouth, tongue, palate, mandibular mucosa; difficult to distinguish Oral cancer - ANSWER -- 90% are squamous cell carcinomas from epithelium surface - Squamous cells are found on the lips, tongue, basal mucosa, and oropharynx - Grow slowly. - Patients who use tobacco products, consume alcohol, have a poor diet, use mouthwash with high alcohol content, and have poor dental hygiene. Early sign of oral cancer - ANSWER -- Erythroplasia is early sign - Present on lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, oropharynx Oral cancer s/s - ANSWER -bleeding from the mouth Poor appetite Difficulty chewing/swallowing Unplanned weight loss Thick or absent saliva Painless oral lesions RED RAISED ERODED Thick/lump in the cheek Oral cancer treatment - ANSWER -surgical excision, radiation and surgery, chemotherapy; Promote gas exchange Uncompensated - ANSWER -ph and one other value is abnormal Partial compensation - ANSWER -ph, CO2, and HCO3 are all off