NBCE PHYSIOTHERAPY PT EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS. ALL
EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE) 100% GUARANTEED
What are the theoretical physiologic effects of traction? - ANSWER- encourages spinal
mobility, enhances intersegmental mobility, change in overall spine length, change in
intervertebral space, decrease pain, parasthesia, decrease pressure on structures
What are the physiologic effects of traction on ligaments? - ANSWER- activation of
proprioceptors to decrease pain, restoration of normal length
What are the physiologic effects of traction on discs? - ANSWER- decreased discal pressure,
imbibition of disc for proper nutrition, unstable reduction of herniation
What are the physiologic effects of traction on facet joints? - ANSWER- increases separation,
decompression, proprioceptive discharge may decrease pain
What are the physiologic effects of traction on musculature? - ANSWER- stretching, improve
blood flow, activation of proprioceptors
What are the physiologic effects of traction on nerves? - ANSWER- decrease compression,
improved blood supply to nerve tissue, decrease of inflammatory products
What is more tolerable to the patient- intermittent or sustained traction? - ANSWER-
intermittent, tolerable both at higher forces and for longer duration
,Which allows more decompression of disc- intermittent or sustained traction? - ANSWER-
sustained
Which has shorter treatment times- intermittent or sustained traction? - ANSWER- intermittent
What is the traction phase for short phase intermittent traction? - ANSWER- less than 10
seconds
What is the traction phase for long phase intermittent traction? - ANSWER- more than 10
seconds
What are the indications for spinal traction? - ANSWER- disc protrusion, disc
herniation/prolapse, nerve root impingement, spondylolisthesis, joint hypomobility, arthritis
conditions of facet joints, mechanically produced muscle spasm, joint pain, scoliosis
What are some contraindications for spinal traction? - ANSWER- fractures, joint instability or
hypermobility, tumors, osteoporosis and osteomalacia, bone and joint infections, osteo and
rheumatoid arthritis, vertebral artery occlucion, pregnancy (cervical is ok), hiatal hernia and
abdominal hernia, displaced disc fragment and cord compression
What are some precautions for spinal traction? - ANSWER- acute spinal conditions,
hypertension and respiratory disease, spinal surgery, dentures (cervical pulley only), breathing
problems (lumbar only)
What is the patient position for mechanical lumbar traction? - ANSWER- 2 harness, pelvic and
thoracic, patient with hips/knees flexed
How much force is used with mechanical lumbar traction? - ANSWER- 30-60% of body weight
,What is the treatment time for mechanical lumbar traction? - ANSWER- 10-30 min
What is a Saunders device? - ANSWER- harness for mechanical cervical traction
What should the head/neck angle be for cervical traction? - ANSWER- neutral to 30 degrees
flexion
How much force is used with cervical traction? - ANSWER- 20-30% of body weight
How much weight should you begin with for cervical traction? - ANSWER- 15-25 pounds
What is the max tolerance for cervical traction? - ANSWER- usually 40-50 pounds
Is inversion recommended? - ANSWER- no
What are the contraindications and precautions for inversion? - ANSWER- heart disease,
hypertension, glaucoma, sinus infections and asthma, migraines, detached retina
What are the stages of the death and dying model - ANSWER- Denial, anger, bargaining,
depression, acceptance
How applicable is the death and dying model for athletic injury? - ANSWER- not good
Cognitive Appraisal Models of pain state that response to injury depends on? - ANSWER-
understanding of the injury
What is the purpose of pain? - ANSWER- warns of impending injury, essential for survival,
protects the body, signifies something is wrong, limits further injury
, Which mechanoreceptors are associated with pressure and touch - ANSWER- meissners
corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles
Which mechanoreceptors are associated with skin stretch/pressure? - ANSWER- Merkle cells,
Ruffini endings
What proprioceptors are associated with change in muscle length and spindle tension - ANSWER-
Golgi Tendon organs
Which proprioceptors are associated with change in joint position - ANSWER- pacinian
corpuscles
Which proprioceptors are associated with joint end range - ANSWER- Ruffini endings
Phases of healing - ANSWER- - inflammation
- repair
- remodeling
What is the purpose of inflammation - ANSWER- - immobilize the area
- defend against intruders
- remove damaged tissue and debris
Signs of inflammation - ANSWER- celsus
- heat
- redness
EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE) 100% GUARANTEED
What are the theoretical physiologic effects of traction? - ANSWER- encourages spinal
mobility, enhances intersegmental mobility, change in overall spine length, change in
intervertebral space, decrease pain, parasthesia, decrease pressure on structures
What are the physiologic effects of traction on ligaments? - ANSWER- activation of
proprioceptors to decrease pain, restoration of normal length
What are the physiologic effects of traction on discs? - ANSWER- decreased discal pressure,
imbibition of disc for proper nutrition, unstable reduction of herniation
What are the physiologic effects of traction on facet joints? - ANSWER- increases separation,
decompression, proprioceptive discharge may decrease pain
What are the physiologic effects of traction on musculature? - ANSWER- stretching, improve
blood flow, activation of proprioceptors
What are the physiologic effects of traction on nerves? - ANSWER- decrease compression,
improved blood supply to nerve tissue, decrease of inflammatory products
What is more tolerable to the patient- intermittent or sustained traction? - ANSWER-
intermittent, tolerable both at higher forces and for longer duration
,Which allows more decompression of disc- intermittent or sustained traction? - ANSWER-
sustained
Which has shorter treatment times- intermittent or sustained traction? - ANSWER- intermittent
What is the traction phase for short phase intermittent traction? - ANSWER- less than 10
seconds
What is the traction phase for long phase intermittent traction? - ANSWER- more than 10
seconds
What are the indications for spinal traction? - ANSWER- disc protrusion, disc
herniation/prolapse, nerve root impingement, spondylolisthesis, joint hypomobility, arthritis
conditions of facet joints, mechanically produced muscle spasm, joint pain, scoliosis
What are some contraindications for spinal traction? - ANSWER- fractures, joint instability or
hypermobility, tumors, osteoporosis and osteomalacia, bone and joint infections, osteo and
rheumatoid arthritis, vertebral artery occlucion, pregnancy (cervical is ok), hiatal hernia and
abdominal hernia, displaced disc fragment and cord compression
What are some precautions for spinal traction? - ANSWER- acute spinal conditions,
hypertension and respiratory disease, spinal surgery, dentures (cervical pulley only), breathing
problems (lumbar only)
What is the patient position for mechanical lumbar traction? - ANSWER- 2 harness, pelvic and
thoracic, patient with hips/knees flexed
How much force is used with mechanical lumbar traction? - ANSWER- 30-60% of body weight
,What is the treatment time for mechanical lumbar traction? - ANSWER- 10-30 min
What is a Saunders device? - ANSWER- harness for mechanical cervical traction
What should the head/neck angle be for cervical traction? - ANSWER- neutral to 30 degrees
flexion
How much force is used with cervical traction? - ANSWER- 20-30% of body weight
How much weight should you begin with for cervical traction? - ANSWER- 15-25 pounds
What is the max tolerance for cervical traction? - ANSWER- usually 40-50 pounds
Is inversion recommended? - ANSWER- no
What are the contraindications and precautions for inversion? - ANSWER- heart disease,
hypertension, glaucoma, sinus infections and asthma, migraines, detached retina
What are the stages of the death and dying model - ANSWER- Denial, anger, bargaining,
depression, acceptance
How applicable is the death and dying model for athletic injury? - ANSWER- not good
Cognitive Appraisal Models of pain state that response to injury depends on? - ANSWER-
understanding of the injury
What is the purpose of pain? - ANSWER- warns of impending injury, essential for survival,
protects the body, signifies something is wrong, limits further injury
, Which mechanoreceptors are associated with pressure and touch - ANSWER- meissners
corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles
Which mechanoreceptors are associated with skin stretch/pressure? - ANSWER- Merkle cells,
Ruffini endings
What proprioceptors are associated with change in muscle length and spindle tension - ANSWER-
Golgi Tendon organs
Which proprioceptors are associated with change in joint position - ANSWER- pacinian
corpuscles
Which proprioceptors are associated with joint end range - ANSWER- Ruffini endings
Phases of healing - ANSWER- - inflammation
- repair
- remodeling
What is the purpose of inflammation - ANSWER- - immobilize the area
- defend against intruders
- remove damaged tissue and debris
Signs of inflammation - ANSWER- celsus
- heat
- redness
