● Primary Sources: Direct evidence from the time, such as artifacts, letters, and photos. They
give firsthand insights.
● Secondary Sources: Historians’ interpretations of primary sources. They analyze causes,
effects, and connections between events.
● Archaeology: Finds physical evidence of past societies, like ancient cities or burial sites, which
tell us about how people lived.
● Oral Traditions: Many cultures passed down history through stories, myths, and legends,
helping us understand cultural values.