©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
NURS 115 EXAM 4 Questions and
Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+
function of glomerulus - ✔✔producing an "ultrafiltrate of urine" - final copy
-pressure is 2-3x higher than other capillaries
function of loop of henle - ✔✔controls concentration of water.
reabsorbs water, solutes, necessities via osmosis. What is not needed is
excreted.
urinalysis (UA) - ✔✔PURPOSE: hydration status
-approx. 95% water and 5% fluids
-measures concentration of urine (specific gravity), weight of particles
pH of urinalysis - ✔✔4.5-8 (avg 6.0)
urine osmolarity (concentration) - "specific gravity" - ✔✔1.010-1.025
specific gravity high - ✔✔dehydration (more concentrated urine)
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
specific gravity low - ✔✔decreased renal function (unable to concentrate,
or too much water intake)
urine abnormals - ✔✔presence of RBCs, WBCs (infection), bacteria, casts,
crystals, protein molecules (pregnancy or gluomerular problems), glucose
(diabetes), ketones (diabetic ketoacidosis), etc.
oliguria - ✔✔decreased urine output, late sign to a severely reduced
cardiac output and resultant renal failure
bilburin in urine indicates.... - ✔✔liver issue, hepatitis, or gallbladder issue
creatinine - ✔✔PURPOSE: how are the kidneys functioning?
-reflects GFR
-urine serum levels
-identifies renal problem quicker than BUN
normal range: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
not being in creatinine's normal range of 0.6-1.2 mg/dL can indicate.... -
✔✔if 2x more than normal, renal function is lost.
if 10 mg/dL or more, 90% if renal function is lost
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ✔✔PURPOSE: how kidneys are functioning
-taken via blood
-unlike creatinine, levels can be affected by protein intake, GI bleed, and
dehydration
how much of the renal function must be gone before BUN is increased? -
✔✔2/3
normal range for BUN - ✔✔8.0-20.0 mg/dL
creatinine clearance rate - ✔✔two ways
1) 24 hr urine - choose a timeframe. keep it over ice or fridge if done at
home. draw blood after.
2) two 1-hr urine are collected with blood drawing in between
normal: 100-125 ml/min
cytoscopy - ✔✔direct visualization of the internal structures
-can show stone formation, biopsies, lesion.
NURS 115 EXAM 4 Questions and
Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+
function of glomerulus - ✔✔producing an "ultrafiltrate of urine" - final copy
-pressure is 2-3x higher than other capillaries
function of loop of henle - ✔✔controls concentration of water.
reabsorbs water, solutes, necessities via osmosis. What is not needed is
excreted.
urinalysis (UA) - ✔✔PURPOSE: hydration status
-approx. 95% water and 5% fluids
-measures concentration of urine (specific gravity), weight of particles
pH of urinalysis - ✔✔4.5-8 (avg 6.0)
urine osmolarity (concentration) - "specific gravity" - ✔✔1.010-1.025
specific gravity high - ✔✔dehydration (more concentrated urine)
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
specific gravity low - ✔✔decreased renal function (unable to concentrate,
or too much water intake)
urine abnormals - ✔✔presence of RBCs, WBCs (infection), bacteria, casts,
crystals, protein molecules (pregnancy or gluomerular problems), glucose
(diabetes), ketones (diabetic ketoacidosis), etc.
oliguria - ✔✔decreased urine output, late sign to a severely reduced
cardiac output and resultant renal failure
bilburin in urine indicates.... - ✔✔liver issue, hepatitis, or gallbladder issue
creatinine - ✔✔PURPOSE: how are the kidneys functioning?
-reflects GFR
-urine serum levels
-identifies renal problem quicker than BUN
normal range: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
not being in creatinine's normal range of 0.6-1.2 mg/dL can indicate.... -
✔✔if 2x more than normal, renal function is lost.
if 10 mg/dL or more, 90% if renal function is lost
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ✔✔PURPOSE: how kidneys are functioning
-taken via blood
-unlike creatinine, levels can be affected by protein intake, GI bleed, and
dehydration
how much of the renal function must be gone before BUN is increased? -
✔✔2/3
normal range for BUN - ✔✔8.0-20.0 mg/dL
creatinine clearance rate - ✔✔two ways
1) 24 hr urine - choose a timeframe. keep it over ice or fridge if done at
home. draw blood after.
2) two 1-hr urine are collected with blood drawing in between
normal: 100-125 ml/min
cytoscopy - ✔✔direct visualization of the internal structures
-can show stone formation, biopsies, lesion.
