SOCI 3166 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF
HEALTH FINAL EXAM REVIEW RATED 100%
CORRECT!!
SA: summarize the Roseto Effect Answer - - in Roseto Pennsylvania in the
1970s, a working - class town of primarily Italian-Americans were studied due
to their low rates of heart disease
- findings showed that although their diets were rich in high fats, carbs, and
they smoked, their rates for heart attacks compared to other areas of the USA
were low.
- Researchers shifted their scope of focus towards "community features" and
found that their social life, support, and cohesion were very enriched
- several generations lived under one roof providing solidarity and greatly
lowering stress levels that are impactful on health
- conclusions: social support and cohesion greatly decrease stress and limi risk
behaviours.
SA: What are the differences between coordinated and liberal market
economies Answer - - Coordinated Market Economies: more highly regulated
wages, more standardized working conditions and job-related benefits, flatter
health gradient / healthier populations, and labor force is unionized to a high
degree.
- Liberal Market economies: more flexible employment and less job security,
shift work, less government regulations, steeper health gradient / sicker
population
SA: Discuss why incentives should (or should not) be used for modifying
peoples health-related behaviours. Use an example Answer - - incentives are
more enticing for individuals to change harmful behaviours than explaining the
,negatives if they do not change. for example smoking: you could develop
cancer ... the incentive could be breathing better, having better mood, not
wasting hard earnings on a habit.
- people choose what is fair, even at personal costs. people do not always
operate in their own interests
- incentives have an effect when people want to change their behaviour and
the incentive is quite large. Offering a cash incentive to stop drinking may
increase the likelihood that an individual may stop drinking.
SA: Using an example, explain what isostrain means and how it occurs Answer
- - Chronic strain and excessive demands that are not compensated by social
support contribute to isostrain, which is liked to metabolic syndrome
- example could be full time working, single mom of 3, managing house,
finances, child welfare, and her social cohesion.
- Ultimately the isostrain from high demands in work, home, and children, with
lack of social support leaves individual susceptible to metabolic syndrome
- less educated people stress about financial issues, more educated people
stress about family matters
SA: Describe the major features of neoliberalism Answer - - those who benefit
from neoliberalism are the rich as they continue to get richer while the poor
continue to become more poor.
- it favours reduction in government spending on public services and wants to
replace them with for-profit companies
- governments should minimize tax and regulatory burden on individuals and
corporations
- greatly promotes economic growth rather than equality
SA: What are the effects of marriage on health? what does the current
literature indicate? Answer - - Historically marriage provides: emotional
, support (including life satisfaction and personal growth), take fewer risks, eat
better, and practice and support each other to have better lifestyles.
- in the 1960s: Walter Grove found that men benefitted more than women in
marriage
- in the 1970s / 80s: both men and women benefitted equally
- current literature suggests that single individuals and childless women are
actually happier
SA: define social networks and social support. Using examples, explain the
differences between the two Answer - - social support: refers to the quality of
interactions, and has been shown to lower stress levels, raise self-esteem,
facilitate cognitive development, encourage and support healthy behaviours,
and decrease anxiety
- social networks: refers to the amount of interactions, and can raise in size,
density, frequency, and level of reciprocation
- difference between the two: one relies on the quality and purpose of the
interaction (social support "how much you are supported") other relies on the
amount you are interacting and how often (social networks: how much you are
interconnected)
SA: what are the three levels of determinants of health? Answer - 1. individual
level: factors that are specific to an individual and can affect their health, such
as their genetics, behaviour, and lifestyle choices
2. social and community-level determinants: factors are related to the social
and physical environment in which people live, such as access to healthcare,
education, and social support networks
3. Structural and systemic-level determinants: factors related to the larger
societal and economic structures and systems that shape the conditions in
which people live, such as policies, laws, and distribution of resources.
SA: Men and women can differ in several health-relevant ways. provide and
describe two examples of these differences. Answer - - men and womens
HEALTH FINAL EXAM REVIEW RATED 100%
CORRECT!!
SA: summarize the Roseto Effect Answer - - in Roseto Pennsylvania in the
1970s, a working - class town of primarily Italian-Americans were studied due
to their low rates of heart disease
- findings showed that although their diets were rich in high fats, carbs, and
they smoked, their rates for heart attacks compared to other areas of the USA
were low.
- Researchers shifted their scope of focus towards "community features" and
found that their social life, support, and cohesion were very enriched
- several generations lived under one roof providing solidarity and greatly
lowering stress levels that are impactful on health
- conclusions: social support and cohesion greatly decrease stress and limi risk
behaviours.
SA: What are the differences between coordinated and liberal market
economies Answer - - Coordinated Market Economies: more highly regulated
wages, more standardized working conditions and job-related benefits, flatter
health gradient / healthier populations, and labor force is unionized to a high
degree.
- Liberal Market economies: more flexible employment and less job security,
shift work, less government regulations, steeper health gradient / sicker
population
SA: Discuss why incentives should (or should not) be used for modifying
peoples health-related behaviours. Use an example Answer - - incentives are
more enticing for individuals to change harmful behaviours than explaining the
,negatives if they do not change. for example smoking: you could develop
cancer ... the incentive could be breathing better, having better mood, not
wasting hard earnings on a habit.
- people choose what is fair, even at personal costs. people do not always
operate in their own interests
- incentives have an effect when people want to change their behaviour and
the incentive is quite large. Offering a cash incentive to stop drinking may
increase the likelihood that an individual may stop drinking.
SA: Using an example, explain what isostrain means and how it occurs Answer
- - Chronic strain and excessive demands that are not compensated by social
support contribute to isostrain, which is liked to metabolic syndrome
- example could be full time working, single mom of 3, managing house,
finances, child welfare, and her social cohesion.
- Ultimately the isostrain from high demands in work, home, and children, with
lack of social support leaves individual susceptible to metabolic syndrome
- less educated people stress about financial issues, more educated people
stress about family matters
SA: Describe the major features of neoliberalism Answer - - those who benefit
from neoliberalism are the rich as they continue to get richer while the poor
continue to become more poor.
- it favours reduction in government spending on public services and wants to
replace them with for-profit companies
- governments should minimize tax and regulatory burden on individuals and
corporations
- greatly promotes economic growth rather than equality
SA: What are the effects of marriage on health? what does the current
literature indicate? Answer - - Historically marriage provides: emotional
, support (including life satisfaction and personal growth), take fewer risks, eat
better, and practice and support each other to have better lifestyles.
- in the 1960s: Walter Grove found that men benefitted more than women in
marriage
- in the 1970s / 80s: both men and women benefitted equally
- current literature suggests that single individuals and childless women are
actually happier
SA: define social networks and social support. Using examples, explain the
differences between the two Answer - - social support: refers to the quality of
interactions, and has been shown to lower stress levels, raise self-esteem,
facilitate cognitive development, encourage and support healthy behaviours,
and decrease anxiety
- social networks: refers to the amount of interactions, and can raise in size,
density, frequency, and level of reciprocation
- difference between the two: one relies on the quality and purpose of the
interaction (social support "how much you are supported") other relies on the
amount you are interacting and how often (social networks: how much you are
interconnected)
SA: what are the three levels of determinants of health? Answer - 1. individual
level: factors that are specific to an individual and can affect their health, such
as their genetics, behaviour, and lifestyle choices
2. social and community-level determinants: factors are related to the social
and physical environment in which people live, such as access to healthcare,
education, and social support networks
3. Structural and systemic-level determinants: factors related to the larger
societal and economic structures and systems that shape the conditions in
which people live, such as policies, laws, and distribution of resources.
SA: Men and women can differ in several health-relevant ways. provide and
describe two examples of these differences. Answer - - men and womens
