C190 Pre-Assessment

Which item would be classified as biotic? -light -wind -temperature -fungus - answer-fungus Which item is an atom? -carbon dioxide -nitrogen -sucrose -methane - answer-nitrogen Largemouth bass have recently been introduced into ponds that previously did not contain any large, predatory fish. Which adaptation would help the existing population of small, prey species of fish avoid predation from the largemouth bass? -fins with smaller surface areas -faster average swim speed -more noticeable body coloration -more time actively foraging for food each day - answer-faster average swim speed Western spadefoot toads breed and deposit their fertilized eggs in small, often short-lived ponds. The tadpoles grow in the ponds for a period of time before undergoing a metamorphosis into an adult frog. One unusual characteristic of spadefoot tadpoles is the ability to change body form during development. Normally most tadpoles are herbivorous and feed on plant material. However, when conditions in the ponds suggest they are beginning to dry up (e.g., an increase in water temperature or concentration of organic waste), a small percentage of individuals in the population undergo a dramatic change in body form and habit and begin to eat their competitors. This ability is considered to be advantageous as it both reduces the number of competitors in the pond and speeds up the rate of development of the transformed tadpoles. If global climate change continues (as predicted) to increase the average temperature of habit - answer-Spadefoot toads would likely evolve to have a higher percentage of toads become carnivorous. Male peacocks compete with one another to mate female peacocks. Males with more colorful tail feathers attract female mates at a higher rate than those without. Therefore, male peacocks have colorful tail feathers, whereas female peacocks do not. What is this an example of? -sexual selection -artificial selection -gene flow -genetic drift - answer-sexual selection A gardener maintains a species of rose that produce either yellow flowers (the dominant phenotype) or white flowers (the recessive phenotype). One day, the gardener observes that a cross between two yellow rose bushes has led to a single rose bush with orange flowers. What evolutionary mechanism is involved in the change in the gene pool of this species? -mutation -gene flow -genetic drift -artificial selection - answer-mutation The cladogram below depicts relationships between organisms: Which two characteristics are found in organism C? Choose 2 answers. -jaw -fur -dry skin -lungs - answer-jaw & lungs The cladogram below depicts relationships between organisms: Where is the ancestor of wolves and gorillas, but not frogs, depicted on this cladogram? -point D -point E -between points E and F -between points C and D - answer-point E The cladogram below depicts the relationships between organisms: Which organism has neither bones nor a jaw? -shark -lamprey -fish -frog - answer-lamprey Refer to the following cladogram to answer the question. Which two organisms have eggs with shells? Choose 2 answers -crocodilians -rodents -birds -amphibians -primates - answer-crocodilians & birds Refer to the following cladogram to answer the question. Which organisms have four limbs and produce amniotic eggs without shells? Choose 2 answers -primates -birds -amphibians -rodents and rabbits -crocodilians - answer-primates & rodents and rabbits Which species on the following cladogram has the most similar DNA sequence to species E? -B -C -D -E - answer-D A subatomic particle has a negative charge and is found in a shell of the atom. What is this particle? -a neutron -a proton -an electron -a nucleus - answer-an electron What is the charge of a proton? - +1 - 0 - -1 - -2 - answer-+1 A molecular bond results from an electron being transferred from one atom to another. Which type of bond holds these atoms together? -electroneutral -ionic -covalent -hydrogen - answer-ionic Which situation describes covalent bonding? -one atom transfers an electron to another atom -an atom shares an electron with another atom -an atom transfers an electron to another atom and becomes electronegative -one electronegative atom bonds with an electrospective atom - answer-an atom shares an electron with another atom After a rainy day, a leaf has small droplets of water on its surface. Which property of water is this an example of? -cohesion -density -good solvent -temperature stability - answer-cohesion A plastic water bottle is filled with water and placed in the freezer. The next day the frozen water has expanded, causing the plastic bottle to rupture. Which characteristic of water is this an example of? -cohesion -density -good solvent -temperature stability - answer-density A biological polymer consists of 358 amino acids linked together covalently. What is this polymer? -a carbohydrate -a protein -a lipid -a nucleic acid - answer-a protein A molecule consists of a chain of glucose monomers linked together. What is the function of this molecule within the cell? -to store genetic information -to catalyze chemical reactions -to transport materials -to store energy - answer-to story energy Which substance is found in ATP? -nitrogenous base -lipids -amino acids -free fatty acids - answer-nitrogenous base The initial biochemical transformation of glucose during cellular respiration occurs within the cytoplasm of the cell. Glucose is transformed into glucose-6-phosphate as ATP is converted into ADP and a free phosphate group. What is happening to energy in this initial step of glycolysis? -Energy is being created in the form of glucose-6-phosphate. -Energy is being destroyed as ATP is converted to ADP. -Energy is being transformed from chemical potential energy to kinetic energy. -Energy is being released from ATP to power the conversion of glucose. - answer-Energy is being released from ATP to power the conversion of glucose. Which of these is an output of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis? -ATP -NADH -glucose -water - answer-ATP Which molecule is an input to the Calvin-Benson cycle? -carbon dioxide -oxygen -sugar -water - answer-carbon dioxide Which stage of cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide as a product? -glycolysis -Krebs cycle -electron transport chain -Calvin cycle - answer-Krebs cycle Which stage of cellular respiration releases the most energy and, therefore, produces the most ATP molecules? -citric acid cycle -glycolysis -Krebs cycle -electron transport chain - answer-electron transport chain In the human body, muscle fibers metabolize sugars to produce energy. Fast-twitch muscle fibers, like those used during short-term, vigorous exercise, carry out an anaerobic process that produces less energy per sugar molecule processed. Which metabolic process do fast-twitch muscle fibers carry out? -fermentation -respiration -photosynthesis -oxidation - answer-fermentation Fermentation uses sugar in the absence of which molecule? -ADP -CO2 -O2 -H2O - answer-O2 What is the function of the flagellum? -locomotion and sensing -energy production -photosynthesis -genetic information storage - answer-locomotion and sensing What is true of a eukaryotic cell? -It contains a mitochondrion. -It lacks membrane-bound organelles. -It falls under the bacteria domain. -Its DNA is a circular, double-stranded chromosome. - answer-It contains a mitochondrion. Choose the two substances that are the main components in most eukaryotic cell membranes. -Lipids and proteins -Lipids and nucleic acids -Proteins and sugars -Proteins and nucleic acids - answer-Lipids and proteins Some cells need to maintain a set concentration of Na + and K + ions. These cells are able to do this with the help of the Na/K pump, which transports these ions from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration (against their concentration gradient). Na + is pumped out, and K + is pumped in. Which type of membrane transport is involved in this action? -diffusion -endocytosis -passive transport -active transport - answer-active transport Chromosomes are structures that contain hereditary material that will be passed from one generation to the next. According to this information, which organic molecule must be present in chromosomes? -glucose -RNA -DNA -lipid - answer-DNA A cell has divided its chromosomes into two new nuclei. The cytoskeleton of the cell is currently pinching the cell in the middle to form two new cells. In which stage of the cell cycle is this cell? -G1 -synthesis -G2 -cytokinesis - answer-cytokinesis What is the function of the histones during S phase? -Organizing and helping to unwind the DNA so the replication enzymes can access it -Connecting two sister chromatids together to aid in sorting -Copying the DNA -Pushing the sister chromatids apart - answer-Organizing and helping to unwind the DNA so the replication enzymes can access it How is DNA structured during the metaphase stage of mitosis? -The chromatid at the center keeps the DNA apart at separate ends of the dividing cell. -The chromatids consisting of DNA are moving apart. -The centromere at the center keeps DNA lined up at the cell's equator. -The centromeres keep the DNA in separate nuclei. - answer-The centromere at the center keeps DNA lined up at the cell's equator. What is true regarding the transition from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis? -DNA is condensed and then organized into chromosomes. -Chromatids are separated and isolated into separate daughter nuclei. -Sister chromatids are aligned along the center of the cell and then pulled apart into separate chromatids. -Chro