NUR 403 Exam 2 Questions And Accurate
Answers 2024-2025
Define epidemiology and basic concepts -Answer The study of distribution, frequency,
and determinants of health and disease in human populations
Epidemiology is the foundation of EBP in public health
Descriptive vs Analytic Epidemiology - Answer Descriptive= purpose to describe (who,
what, where, when)
Analytic= purpose to examine relationships between to determine WHY
Describe the Epidemiological Triangle - Answer 1. Agent
2. Host
3. Environment
Works well with communicable diseases but NOT chronic disease because the focus is
too narrow
Describe the Web of Causation - Answer Focus is on relationships (who, what, when,
where, why)
Works well with Chronic diseases because there are multiple influencing factors and
interacting causes
Rates vs Odds - Answer Rates= #of occurrences/ # of population
,Odds= # of occurrence/ # of NON-occurrence
Which is more used in public health? Rates vs. odds? - Answer Rates since it is more
relevant and tangible. Odds are sometimes used due to higher numbers of anything
being researched.
What is reliability and validity? - Answer Reliability: same results at all times; consistent
stable scores
Validity: truth and authenticity; should measure what its supposed to measure
What is sensitivity and specificity? -Answer Sensitivity: ability of the test to detect those
that DO have the disease
Specificity: ability of the test to detect those that DON'T have the disease
How does validity relate to sensitivity and specificity? -Answer Sensitivity and specificity
should balance each other out to make the test Valid and accurate.
What are the two leading causes of mortality in infants?
What are the others? Answer Preterm birth and Low birth weight
Others: congenital malformations, maternal complications, SIDS, unintentional injuries
Leading cause of death for ages 1-5? Answer Drowning
Leading cause of death for ages 5-14? Answer Motor vehicle accidents
Some causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescents? Answer alcohol, tobacco,
, e-cigs, STIs, pregnancy, unsafe driving, delinquency, violence
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest infant mortality rate?
-Answer Non-Hispanic Black Females
What is the leading cause of death for ages 1 month- 1 year?
-Answer SIDS
How can SIDS be prevented?
-Answer Safe to sleep!! Look at notes for more info, if needed :)
What are some approaches by PHN to reduces mortality and morbidity rates in infants,
children, and adolescents?
-Answer Safe sleep
Improve preconception and prenatal care
Decrease pregnant substance use
Safe physical environment (playground, fire, water, etc)
Wear helmet!! (2ft can cause traumatic brain injury)
What are major U.S. legislation/services addressing needs for infants, children, and
adolescents? - Answer ACA= increase access & coverage for families
Medicaid- poor & low income
Children's Health Insurance program- kids that don't meet medicaid
Maternal & Child Health Block Grant
School based health centers
WIC= nutrition for babies & moms
What are the differences in mortality and morbidity in men and women? - Answer
Answers 2024-2025
Define epidemiology and basic concepts -Answer The study of distribution, frequency,
and determinants of health and disease in human populations
Epidemiology is the foundation of EBP in public health
Descriptive vs Analytic Epidemiology - Answer Descriptive= purpose to describe (who,
what, where, when)
Analytic= purpose to examine relationships between to determine WHY
Describe the Epidemiological Triangle - Answer 1. Agent
2. Host
3. Environment
Works well with communicable diseases but NOT chronic disease because the focus is
too narrow
Describe the Web of Causation - Answer Focus is on relationships (who, what, when,
where, why)
Works well with Chronic diseases because there are multiple influencing factors and
interacting causes
Rates vs Odds - Answer Rates= #of occurrences/ # of population
,Odds= # of occurrence/ # of NON-occurrence
Which is more used in public health? Rates vs. odds? - Answer Rates since it is more
relevant and tangible. Odds are sometimes used due to higher numbers of anything
being researched.
What is reliability and validity? - Answer Reliability: same results at all times; consistent
stable scores
Validity: truth and authenticity; should measure what its supposed to measure
What is sensitivity and specificity? -Answer Sensitivity: ability of the test to detect those
that DO have the disease
Specificity: ability of the test to detect those that DON'T have the disease
How does validity relate to sensitivity and specificity? -Answer Sensitivity and specificity
should balance each other out to make the test Valid and accurate.
What are the two leading causes of mortality in infants?
What are the others? Answer Preterm birth and Low birth weight
Others: congenital malformations, maternal complications, SIDS, unintentional injuries
Leading cause of death for ages 1-5? Answer Drowning
Leading cause of death for ages 5-14? Answer Motor vehicle accidents
Some causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescents? Answer alcohol, tobacco,
, e-cigs, STIs, pregnancy, unsafe driving, delinquency, violence
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest infant mortality rate?
-Answer Non-Hispanic Black Females
What is the leading cause of death for ages 1 month- 1 year?
-Answer SIDS
How can SIDS be prevented?
-Answer Safe to sleep!! Look at notes for more info, if needed :)
What are some approaches by PHN to reduces mortality and morbidity rates in infants,
children, and adolescents?
-Answer Safe sleep
Improve preconception and prenatal care
Decrease pregnant substance use
Safe physical environment (playground, fire, water, etc)
Wear helmet!! (2ft can cause traumatic brain injury)
What are major U.S. legislation/services addressing needs for infants, children, and
adolescents? - Answer ACA= increase access & coverage for families
Medicaid- poor & low income
Children's Health Insurance program- kids that don't meet medicaid
Maternal & Child Health Block Grant
School based health centers
WIC= nutrition for babies & moms
What are the differences in mortality and morbidity in men and women? - Answer
