Pediatric primary care burns exam 4
There are many illnesses that are less likely to occur if babe is breastfed, what are these? - ANS gastro,
NEC, AOM, LRTIs, asthma, atopy, DM, SIDS, leukemia
At what age should birth wt be doubled? - ANS 5-6 months
At what age should birth wt be tripled? - ANS 1 yr
First few days, a neonate should void? - ANS 1-3 times
By day 4 the neonate should void? - ANS 4-6
Regular urine output of neonate is? - ANS 4-6 times per day
Stool output of typical neonate? - ANS 2-3
How much water loss can be life threatening to a child? - ANS 10%
What does sodium regulate in the body? - ANS ECF volume, osmolarity, acid-base balance, membrane
potential of cells
How is sodium lost out of body? - ANS vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration
Role of potassium in the body? - ANS helps maintain intracellular homeostasis, muscle contractility,
transmission of nerve impulses
,Severe deficit of potassium can cause? - ANS cardiac dysrhythmias/death
What is the role of chloride in the body? - ANS function with sodium to maintain fluid/electrolyte
balance
What is advice regarding comfort feeding? - ANS avoid
How much exercise should a child have? - ANS 60 minutes mod/high per day
Benefits of vegetarianism - ANS lower obesity, heart disease, and DM rates
What can be deficient in a vegan diet? What 2 are the highest? - ANS protein, B12, iron, Ca++, zinc,
riboflavin, vit D; B12, zinc
What can become of fetus with B12 and zinc deficiency? - ANS possible permanent neuro damage
What BMI percentile is considered overweight? - ANS 85-95th
What BMI percentile is considered obese? - ANS 95th or higher
Primary goal of pediatric wt management? - ANS normalize, not reduce
Complications of obesity in children? - ANS Hypertension obstructive sleep apnea , OSA, orthopedic
issues, depression, suicide
How long should a food recall or diary be kept for assessment? - ANS 3 days
,Children aged 5 to 9 who have contact with same or opposite sexes, play sex games, or idea about sex -
parents should be? - ANS parents should avoid being overly alarmed if they witness this play.
*parents can redirect play*
At around what AGE do children giggle and learn more about SEX and sexuality? - ANS Age 8
At what age does self-stimulation as a result of sexual reflexes due to sexual fantasies, behavior and
relationships? - ANS 10-12 year olds
The biggest reason adolescents do not seek healthcare for sexual education is due to? - ANS
Confidentiality
How should you ask an adolescent with concrete cognitive abilities about sexual history? - ANS "Have
you ever had a romantic relationship with a boy or a girl"
"Define Sex"
Early Adolescents (age 12 to 14) are concrete thinkers and cannot get to the abstract thought of "what
if". How should sexual education be given to them? - ANS Use pictures and direct questions and
statements
Use simple concert terms when counseling
Mid-adolescents (age 15 to 17) are starting to understand abstract concepts, but will often refresh to
concrete thinking in stressful situations. How should the provider speak to them? - ANS They need to
adjust the approach to mid-adolescents accordingly, help them to identify the inconsistencies in their
thought processes and guide them through to the logical consequences.
how often should a helmet be replaced? - ANS every 5 years or sooner
, For Preparticipation physical examination (PPE), what should the provider do if the parent disagrees
with the providers advise to refrain from participation? - ANS obtain a Signed Informed consent from
the pt's guardian.
Which cardiac conditions may warrant an athlete to seek a cardiologist before performing in Physical
activity/sports? - ANS Pathologic murmur, EKG dysrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Coronary
artery abnormalities, carditis, marfans, ehlers-danlos, mitral valve prolapse.
How should diabetics monitor their glucose with physical activity? - ANS before, q30min during, and 15
min after exercise & Before bedtime
What should the Physical exam include? - ANS The musculoskeletal Examination
General Head to toe (generalized focus on Cardiac and Neuro)
What is the 90-second musculoskeletal exam? - ANS +Standing Posture & shoulder - acromioclavicular
alignment
+ Cervical ROM
+ Shoulder Shrug/strength
+ Elbow ROM/strength
+ supination/pronation ROM & Hand clench test
+ Stand & bend at knee to chest
+ Squat test
+ Lumbar ROM/Scoliosis
+ Tip/Toe Calf Symmetry
What cardiovascular examinations should be done for sports physical? (4) - ANS Auscultate for heart
murmur (sitting/lying/standing)
Femoral Pulses
There are many illnesses that are less likely to occur if babe is breastfed, what are these? - ANS gastro,
NEC, AOM, LRTIs, asthma, atopy, DM, SIDS, leukemia
At what age should birth wt be doubled? - ANS 5-6 months
At what age should birth wt be tripled? - ANS 1 yr
First few days, a neonate should void? - ANS 1-3 times
By day 4 the neonate should void? - ANS 4-6
Regular urine output of neonate is? - ANS 4-6 times per day
Stool output of typical neonate? - ANS 2-3
How much water loss can be life threatening to a child? - ANS 10%
What does sodium regulate in the body? - ANS ECF volume, osmolarity, acid-base balance, membrane
potential of cells
How is sodium lost out of body? - ANS vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration
Role of potassium in the body? - ANS helps maintain intracellular homeostasis, muscle contractility,
transmission of nerve impulses
,Severe deficit of potassium can cause? - ANS cardiac dysrhythmias/death
What is the role of chloride in the body? - ANS function with sodium to maintain fluid/electrolyte
balance
What is advice regarding comfort feeding? - ANS avoid
How much exercise should a child have? - ANS 60 minutes mod/high per day
Benefits of vegetarianism - ANS lower obesity, heart disease, and DM rates
What can be deficient in a vegan diet? What 2 are the highest? - ANS protein, B12, iron, Ca++, zinc,
riboflavin, vit D; B12, zinc
What can become of fetus with B12 and zinc deficiency? - ANS possible permanent neuro damage
What BMI percentile is considered overweight? - ANS 85-95th
What BMI percentile is considered obese? - ANS 95th or higher
Primary goal of pediatric wt management? - ANS normalize, not reduce
Complications of obesity in children? - ANS Hypertension obstructive sleep apnea , OSA, orthopedic
issues, depression, suicide
How long should a food recall or diary be kept for assessment? - ANS 3 days
,Children aged 5 to 9 who have contact with same or opposite sexes, play sex games, or idea about sex -
parents should be? - ANS parents should avoid being overly alarmed if they witness this play.
*parents can redirect play*
At around what AGE do children giggle and learn more about SEX and sexuality? - ANS Age 8
At what age does self-stimulation as a result of sexual reflexes due to sexual fantasies, behavior and
relationships? - ANS 10-12 year olds
The biggest reason adolescents do not seek healthcare for sexual education is due to? - ANS
Confidentiality
How should you ask an adolescent with concrete cognitive abilities about sexual history? - ANS "Have
you ever had a romantic relationship with a boy or a girl"
"Define Sex"
Early Adolescents (age 12 to 14) are concrete thinkers and cannot get to the abstract thought of "what
if". How should sexual education be given to them? - ANS Use pictures and direct questions and
statements
Use simple concert terms when counseling
Mid-adolescents (age 15 to 17) are starting to understand abstract concepts, but will often refresh to
concrete thinking in stressful situations. How should the provider speak to them? - ANS They need to
adjust the approach to mid-adolescents accordingly, help them to identify the inconsistencies in their
thought processes and guide them through to the logical consequences.
how often should a helmet be replaced? - ANS every 5 years or sooner
, For Preparticipation physical examination (PPE), what should the provider do if the parent disagrees
with the providers advise to refrain from participation? - ANS obtain a Signed Informed consent from
the pt's guardian.
Which cardiac conditions may warrant an athlete to seek a cardiologist before performing in Physical
activity/sports? - ANS Pathologic murmur, EKG dysrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Coronary
artery abnormalities, carditis, marfans, ehlers-danlos, mitral valve prolapse.
How should diabetics monitor their glucose with physical activity? - ANS before, q30min during, and 15
min after exercise & Before bedtime
What should the Physical exam include? - ANS The musculoskeletal Examination
General Head to toe (generalized focus on Cardiac and Neuro)
What is the 90-second musculoskeletal exam? - ANS +Standing Posture & shoulder - acromioclavicular
alignment
+ Cervical ROM
+ Shoulder Shrug/strength
+ Elbow ROM/strength
+ supination/pronation ROM & Hand clench test
+ Stand & bend at knee to chest
+ Squat test
+ Lumbar ROM/Scoliosis
+ Tip/Toe Calf Symmetry
What cardiovascular examinations should be done for sports physical? (4) - ANS Auscultate for heart
murmur (sitting/lying/standing)
Femoral Pulses
