BMD 321 Final Exam
Latest Update
What is a nucleotide made of? - Answer Base sugar and phosphoryl group
Or nucleoside + phos group wih ester linkage
Nucleoside - Answer base + sugar
DNA - Answer Deoxyribose, meaning has only an H at 2'
The lack of the hydroxyl group makes it resistant to hydrolysis
RNA - Answer Has an OH at the two prime, sugar is ribose,
What are sugars in nucleic acid's linked by - Answer Phosphodiester Bonds
Phosphodiester linkage in the backbone of DNA or RNA has what type of charges and
what do these charges do - Answer The backbone has negative charges that repel
nucleophilic species, these charges maintain integrity
Purines are what? - Answer Aggies, larger
The double helix is stabilized by - Answer hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effect
The double helix runs - Answer antiparallel
Structure of the double helix - Answer Bases are held together by hydrogen bonds on
the inside, sugar phosphate back out on the outside
The large groove in the double helix is important for - Answer Replication because you
need room for the protein to come in
What makes the DNA backbone negative - Answer Po4 groups
G and C are linked by - Answer 3 hydrogen bonds
base stacking occurs through - Answer Hydrogen bonds
Which DNA base pairing is stronger - Answer G to C
Q1) The higher the GC content .... Q2- Why? - Answer The higher the melting temp, The
GC rich means more heat is required to break the bonds
In strand elongation DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of what - Answer
Phosphodiester bridge
, Elongation proceeds in the - Answer 5- 3
Process of DNA replication - Answer Top 2 relaxes the dna, helicase separates DS DNA,
Single standard binding proteins prevents the proteins from reattaching, primate adds
an rna primer,
In semi conservative DNA replication... - Answer Each strand of DNA acts as a template
strand for synthesis of a new strand
Most common form of DNA - Answer B-DNA
A DNA is less hydrated than B DNA - Answer True
Where do proteins fit in during replication - Answer Major groovrs
When there is no water around or DNA is dehydrated... - Answer A dna is formed
Compare A DNA with B DNA - Answer A DNA is wider and shorter, has 11 base pairs per
turn
B DNA, 10.4 base pairs per turn
Both right handed
Z-DNA - Answer left handed , zigzag, in GC rich regions of DNA, narrowest , 12 base
pairs per turn
Chargaffs rules - Answer A=T and C=G, concentrations almost identical, 1:1 ratio,
DNA Repair: Mismatch Repair - Answer Occurs after replication, when a parent strand
is flagged by a methyl group, The mismatch base is removed off the daughter strand, the
endonuclease mut H I Cleves the backbone ( phospho bond) by the mismatch.
Exonuclease comes in to remove the mismatch base, then it is re-synthesized by DNA
P3, and sealed by ligase
DNA Repair: base Excision Repair - Answer The glycoside bond is flipped out to reveal
the base, there's then a hole from the missing base it's called an AP site and an AP
endonuclease will nick the backbone by the missing base and DNAP inserts a
nucleotide, DNA ligase seals the repaired strand
DNA Repair: Nucleotide Excision Repair - Answer Recognizes pyrimidine photo dimers,
last resort, in E. coli UV or genes recognize the DNA damage, the gap in DNA is repaired
by polymerase one, the three prime end of the new stretch is joinedyu to the rest by DNA
ligase
What type of enzyme can induce super coils - Answer Top 2 and gyrase
Transcription is catalyzed by what - Answer RNA polymerase
The template strand is - Answer Antisense
Latest Update
What is a nucleotide made of? - Answer Base sugar and phosphoryl group
Or nucleoside + phos group wih ester linkage
Nucleoside - Answer base + sugar
DNA - Answer Deoxyribose, meaning has only an H at 2'
The lack of the hydroxyl group makes it resistant to hydrolysis
RNA - Answer Has an OH at the two prime, sugar is ribose,
What are sugars in nucleic acid's linked by - Answer Phosphodiester Bonds
Phosphodiester linkage in the backbone of DNA or RNA has what type of charges and
what do these charges do - Answer The backbone has negative charges that repel
nucleophilic species, these charges maintain integrity
Purines are what? - Answer Aggies, larger
The double helix is stabilized by - Answer hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effect
The double helix runs - Answer antiparallel
Structure of the double helix - Answer Bases are held together by hydrogen bonds on
the inside, sugar phosphate back out on the outside
The large groove in the double helix is important for - Answer Replication because you
need room for the protein to come in
What makes the DNA backbone negative - Answer Po4 groups
G and C are linked by - Answer 3 hydrogen bonds
base stacking occurs through - Answer Hydrogen bonds
Which DNA base pairing is stronger - Answer G to C
Q1) The higher the GC content .... Q2- Why? - Answer The higher the melting temp, The
GC rich means more heat is required to break the bonds
In strand elongation DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of what - Answer
Phosphodiester bridge
, Elongation proceeds in the - Answer 5- 3
Process of DNA replication - Answer Top 2 relaxes the dna, helicase separates DS DNA,
Single standard binding proteins prevents the proteins from reattaching, primate adds
an rna primer,
In semi conservative DNA replication... - Answer Each strand of DNA acts as a template
strand for synthesis of a new strand
Most common form of DNA - Answer B-DNA
A DNA is less hydrated than B DNA - Answer True
Where do proteins fit in during replication - Answer Major groovrs
When there is no water around or DNA is dehydrated... - Answer A dna is formed
Compare A DNA with B DNA - Answer A DNA is wider and shorter, has 11 base pairs per
turn
B DNA, 10.4 base pairs per turn
Both right handed
Z-DNA - Answer left handed , zigzag, in GC rich regions of DNA, narrowest , 12 base
pairs per turn
Chargaffs rules - Answer A=T and C=G, concentrations almost identical, 1:1 ratio,
DNA Repair: Mismatch Repair - Answer Occurs after replication, when a parent strand
is flagged by a methyl group, The mismatch base is removed off the daughter strand, the
endonuclease mut H I Cleves the backbone ( phospho bond) by the mismatch.
Exonuclease comes in to remove the mismatch base, then it is re-synthesized by DNA
P3, and sealed by ligase
DNA Repair: base Excision Repair - Answer The glycoside bond is flipped out to reveal
the base, there's then a hole from the missing base it's called an AP site and an AP
endonuclease will nick the backbone by the missing base and DNAP inserts a
nucleotide, DNA ligase seals the repaired strand
DNA Repair: Nucleotide Excision Repair - Answer Recognizes pyrimidine photo dimers,
last resort, in E. coli UV or genes recognize the DNA damage, the gap in DNA is repaired
by polymerase one, the three prime end of the new stretch is joinedyu to the rest by DNA
ligase
What type of enzyme can induce super coils - Answer Top 2 and gyrase
Transcription is catalyzed by what - Answer RNA polymerase
The template strand is - Answer Antisense
