EXPH 386 Exam 3
coordination and integration of the muscles of the body together with the nerves that supply them -
Answer-Neuromuscular system
Cell body (soma) action - Answer-dictates the critical firing rate of the action potential
Cell body (soma) contains what - Answer-structures involved in replication and transmission of the
genetic code
Are larger cell bodies (somas) associated with higher or lower critical firing rates? - Answer-higher
short neural branches that receive impulses through numerous connections and conduct them toward
the cell body - Answer-Dendrites
extends from the cell body to deliver action potentials toward the muscle to the motor endplate -
Answer-Axon
Are larger axons associated with slower or faster conduction velocities? - Answer-faster
a lipoprotein membrane that wraps around the axon over most of its length - Answer-Myelin sheath
,What does the myelin sheath act as? - Answer-an electrical insulator that envelops the axon similar to
the plastic coating around an electrical wire
specialized cells that create or deposit myelin sheath around the axon - Answer-schwann cells
structures that interrupt the myelin sheath every 1 to 2 mm along the length of the axon - Answer-
nodes of ranvier
what do the nodes of ranvier allow? - Answer-they allow the action potential to jump from node to
node covering a larger distance, increasing the speed of the action potential
when the action potential jumps from node to node because of the uninsulated gaps - Answer-saltory
conduction
What would happen if no myelin were present? - Answer-conduction velocities would be a lot slower
since the action potential would have to be conducted along the entire length of the axon
multiple extensions of the axon that innervate individual muscle fibers - Answer-nerve terminal
branches
True or False. any one muscle fiber is only going to receive innervation from one nerve terminal branch -
Answer-true
represents the interface between the end of the axon at the terminal branch and the muscle fiber -
Answer-Motor endplate or neuromuscular junction
Break down of skeletal muscle from biggest to smallest (6) - Answer-1. whole muscle
2. bundle of fibers
3. single fiber
,4. myofibrils
5. sarcomere
6. contractile proteins
what are the skeletal muscles of the body composed of? - Answer-multi-nucleated cylindrical cells
called fibers which run parallel to eachother
Force is directed along what? - Answer-the fiber's long axis
fiber length variation - Answer-few millimeters (eye) to approx. 30 cm (leg)
what are the connective tissue layers associated with skeletal muscle? - Answer-Endomysium
Perimysium
Fasiculus
Epimysium
Tendons
Periosteum
a fine layer of connective tissue that wraps each muscle fiber and separates it from the neighboring
fibers - Answer-Endomysium
surrounds a bundle of up to 150 fibers - Answer-Perimysium
a large bundle of fibers - Answer-fasiculus
a fascia of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle - Answer-epimysium
, dense connective tissue, the extension of the epimysium at the ends of the muscle - Answer-tendons
bone's outermost covering; tendons connect the muscle to this covering of the bone - Answer-
periosteum
The 4 skeletal muscle structures - Answer-sarcolemma
basement membrane
sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reticulum
the muscle fiber membrane; a thin elastic membrane that encloses the fiber's cellular contents -
Answer-Sarcolemma
What is the true fiber boundary? - Answer-the sarcolemma
a loose collection of glycoproteins and collagen; outside the muscle fiber - Answer-Basement
membrane
contains the nuclei, substrates, and enzymes required for metabolism, the nuclei, mitochondria, and
other specialized organelles - Answer-Sarcoplasm
highly specialized network of tubular channels - Answer-sarcoplasmic reticulum
What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum allow for? - Answer-a wave of depolarization to spread rapidly
from the sarcolemma to the inner environment through the T-Tubules to initiate muscle contraction
coordination and integration of the muscles of the body together with the nerves that supply them -
Answer-Neuromuscular system
Cell body (soma) action - Answer-dictates the critical firing rate of the action potential
Cell body (soma) contains what - Answer-structures involved in replication and transmission of the
genetic code
Are larger cell bodies (somas) associated with higher or lower critical firing rates? - Answer-higher
short neural branches that receive impulses through numerous connections and conduct them toward
the cell body - Answer-Dendrites
extends from the cell body to deliver action potentials toward the muscle to the motor endplate -
Answer-Axon
Are larger axons associated with slower or faster conduction velocities? - Answer-faster
a lipoprotein membrane that wraps around the axon over most of its length - Answer-Myelin sheath
,What does the myelin sheath act as? - Answer-an electrical insulator that envelops the axon similar to
the plastic coating around an electrical wire
specialized cells that create or deposit myelin sheath around the axon - Answer-schwann cells
structures that interrupt the myelin sheath every 1 to 2 mm along the length of the axon - Answer-
nodes of ranvier
what do the nodes of ranvier allow? - Answer-they allow the action potential to jump from node to
node covering a larger distance, increasing the speed of the action potential
when the action potential jumps from node to node because of the uninsulated gaps - Answer-saltory
conduction
What would happen if no myelin were present? - Answer-conduction velocities would be a lot slower
since the action potential would have to be conducted along the entire length of the axon
multiple extensions of the axon that innervate individual muscle fibers - Answer-nerve terminal
branches
True or False. any one muscle fiber is only going to receive innervation from one nerve terminal branch -
Answer-true
represents the interface between the end of the axon at the terminal branch and the muscle fiber -
Answer-Motor endplate or neuromuscular junction
Break down of skeletal muscle from biggest to smallest (6) - Answer-1. whole muscle
2. bundle of fibers
3. single fiber
,4. myofibrils
5. sarcomere
6. contractile proteins
what are the skeletal muscles of the body composed of? - Answer-multi-nucleated cylindrical cells
called fibers which run parallel to eachother
Force is directed along what? - Answer-the fiber's long axis
fiber length variation - Answer-few millimeters (eye) to approx. 30 cm (leg)
what are the connective tissue layers associated with skeletal muscle? - Answer-Endomysium
Perimysium
Fasiculus
Epimysium
Tendons
Periosteum
a fine layer of connective tissue that wraps each muscle fiber and separates it from the neighboring
fibers - Answer-Endomysium
surrounds a bundle of up to 150 fibers - Answer-Perimysium
a large bundle of fibers - Answer-fasiculus
a fascia of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle - Answer-epimysium
, dense connective tissue, the extension of the epimysium at the ends of the muscle - Answer-tendons
bone's outermost covering; tendons connect the muscle to this covering of the bone - Answer-
periosteum
The 4 skeletal muscle structures - Answer-sarcolemma
basement membrane
sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reticulum
the muscle fiber membrane; a thin elastic membrane that encloses the fiber's cellular contents -
Answer-Sarcolemma
What is the true fiber boundary? - Answer-the sarcolemma
a loose collection of glycoproteins and collagen; outside the muscle fiber - Answer-Basement
membrane
contains the nuclei, substrates, and enzymes required for metabolism, the nuclei, mitochondria, and
other specialized organelles - Answer-Sarcoplasm
highly specialized network of tubular channels - Answer-sarcoplasmic reticulum
What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum allow for? - Answer-a wave of depolarization to spread rapidly
from the sarcolemma to the inner environment through the T-Tubules to initiate muscle contraction
