NUR 1290 Midterm Exam Study Guide 2024

4 frameworks of nursing – - valuing - environment - humanity - health sub- concepts of nursing – - knowledge - responsibility - accountability - leadership/ management - research - professional role humanity - unique human being, functioning as an integrated whole, reflecting bio- psycho- socio- spiritual- cultural dimensions environment - sum total of all internal and external dimensions that influence human beings health - a dynamic state of bio- psycho- spiritual cultural wellbeing valuing - hold in high esteem the inherent worth and dignity of all individuals knowledge - based on liberal arts and sciences and incorporates humanity/ environment health/ valuing responsibility/ accountability - held accountable to maintain standards of practice and adhere to code of ethics Florence Nightingale - - Established sanitary nursing care units. - focus of caring for patients - keeping statistics - Founder of modern nursing. - Began professional education of nursing. (theory and critical practice) - believed women should question role in society - nurses must care for the mind and body Clara Barton - - Founded the American Red Cross - recognized the need for care and supplies to soldiers during the civil war Lillian Wald - - Founder of public health nursing - interested in health of immigrants who did not have access to health care Great Depression and Nursing - - prior to GD nurses worked in homes of people who could afford private nurses - during GD nurses worked in hospitals for low wages and poor conditions Hill-Burton Act of 1946 - provided funds to construct hospitals which led to an increased need for nurses nursing has been criticized because... - there is not enough men and minorities in the profession the image of nursing - - may be based on personal experiences - influences the ability to collaborate with other health care professionals - it is the way a profession appears to others - it impacts the ability to recruit students - introduce oneself to other patients, families, colleagues - NOT simple to explain - important b/c it influences the attitudes of how others perceive nursing nurses voice is... - typically silent ANA definition of nursing - the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations Florence Nightingale definition of nursing - change of the personal health of somebody and what nursing has to do is put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him Nursing Responsibilities - - perform physical exams and health histories - provide health promotion and education - administer medications - interpret patient information and make critical decisions - coordinate care with other professionals - direct and supervise care delivered (delegate to LPN and CNA) - conduct research 7 essential features of nursing - 1. caring relationship 2. attention to range of human experiences 3. integration of assessment data and knowledge 4. application of scientific knowledge and use of judgment 5. advancement of the profession through scholarly inquiry 6. influence on social and public policy to promote social justice 7. assurance of safe, quality, evidence based practice nursing programs - - need to understand (conceptualizing) - classroom + clinical + skills - clinical experience is critical component Autonomy in nursing - - the right to self-determination - nurses respect the patient autonomy when they respect patients rights to make decisions about their care characteristics of a profession - - control of professional policy - service to the public - education within institutions of higher education - possession of a body of knowledge - a code of ethics difference between nursing and medicine - is the goals and purposes of each The nursing profession - is concerned with providing holistic care in a variety of health related situations Professionalism - related to attitude, dress, and conduct Diploma Nursing Program - - 2-3 yr. program taught in hospitals - position provides basic RN care in hospitals & agencies - More clinical hours than AD or BSN - Based on Needs of Hospital Associate Degree in Nursing - - Created by Mildred Montag - Focuses more on technical nursing with fewer liberal arts classes - NCLEX to get title of RN Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing - - a degree from a 4-year nursing program in a higher education institution - generic - accelerated - LPN to RN - RN to BSN - has the greatest number of graduates - one disadvantage is loss of connection to hospitals and negative impact on clinical experiences Graduate Education in Nursing - -APRN-advance practice registered nurse ex. nurse practitioner -PHD-more research intensive -DNP- less research oriented Nursing education reports - - addressed the need for better preparation of nurses to practice - stated that students should be engaged in learning process - greater emphasis on clinical experience throughout the curriculum Issues in Nursing Education - -Faculty shortage -Limited number of clinical placements - both of these lead to clinical simulation (valuable tool to provide students the opportunity to experience real health care event) Accreditation - - process by which an educational program is evaluated and then recognized as having met certain predetermined standards of education - ACEN, CCNE, NLN CNEA are programs that conduct accreditation Nurse Practice Act - - defines the legal parameters of professional and practical nursing - ensures that patients are receiving quality care and promote patient safety -define scope of practice - must need license for work NCSBN (National Council of State Boards of Nursing) - - primary purpose to protect licensed nurses - nursing regulatory bodies act and counsel together on matters of common interest and concern affecting public health, safety, and welfare including the development of NCLEX NCLEX-RN - - Categorizes questions according to the steps of the nursing process - must pass this exam to work in each state Licensure in Nursing - - RN have to take the NCLEX and get licensure in their state. - nurses were first profession to require applicants across the US to take the same licensure examination Certification in Nursing - validation of specific qualifications demonstrated by a registered nurse in a defined area of practice standard of care - written by legal or professional organizations so that patients are not exposed to unreasonable risk or harm. most working nurses - do not have a graduate degree Esther Lucille Brown - - a list of accredited schools should be published and distributed - nursing programs should be operated by universities of higher learning - programs should be periodically examined - nursing programs should provide professional education - nursing education should no longer be an apprenticship nursing today - has become more diverse then in previous decades professional organizations - collectively advocate on behalf of their members and other constituents, publicly representing the core values of the nursing profession to others Professional Nursing Organizations - must include: - nursing education - political advocacy - clinical concerns regulatory matters professional area