AP CSP Exam Study Guide Solutions

AP CSP Exam Study Guide Solutions Algorithm - ANSWER-A precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be implemented in a programming language and executed by a computer. Control Structure - ANSWER-one or more programming language statements that control the flow of a computer program. Examples: If/Else structure or a loop structure. Computer - ANSWER-a machine that processes information under the control of a program. Program - ANSWER-sequence of instructions that control the computer. To run, it must be loaded into the computer's memory where the CPU executes it one instruction at a time. Hardware - ANSWER-the computer's electronic and mechanical components. Software - ANSWER-the programs that control computers General purpose computer - ANSWER-a computer that can run many different programs (e.g. a smartphone). Special purpose computer - ANSWER-a computer that has a fixed program ( e.g. a calculator, a watch, a car's brakes) ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/11 Memory - ANSWER-physical device used to store information for use in a computer or other digital electronic device( e.g. disk drive, flash drive) RAM - ANSWER-Random Access Memory- also called main memory stores the computer's programs and data temporarily while power is on. CPU - ANSWER-Central Processing Unit is the hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It is made up of 3 main parts: the control unit (CU), the arithmetic and register. The CU processes the program's instructions, the ALU (arithmetic logic unit) performs the arithmetic and logic operations and the register stores intermediate data during program execution. Input devices - ANSWER-bring data and programs into the computer (e.g. mouse, keyboard) Output devices - ANSWER-transmit data to other computers to users (e.g. printer, monitor, speaker) Motherboard - ANSWER-houses the computer's main electronic components Chips - ANSWER-the computer's electrical components are composed of these very tiny integrated circuits. Integrated circuit - ANSWER-packed with millions of electronic components Bit - ANSWER-a binary digit, the smallest unit of data, a 1 or a 0. Byte - ANSWER-is equal to 8 bits. ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/11 High-level language - ANSWER-a programming language that is human readable (app inventor) and provides the programmer with easy to understand abstractions. Machine language (or low-level language) - ANSWER-a programming language that is machine readable (binary code), closer to the machine hardware and provides abstractions that are difficult for the programmer to understand. Compiler - ANSWER-a software that translates source code (human readable) into binary code. Applications - ANSWER-program or group of programs designed for end users such as Firefox, Excel, Word, etc. Operating System - ANSWER-is a collection of computer software that manages hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. MacOS, Wind