Fitzgerald/Leik AGNP Flashcards
Limbus of the eye - ANSjunction between sclera and cornea
Pneumonia treatment for previously healthy, no risk factors for DRSP - ANSMacrolides OR doxycycline
Pneumonia treatment for comorbidities or DRSP risk - ANSRespiratory fluoroquinolone OR macrolide +
high dose amoxicillin/Augmentin/cephalosporin OR
doxycycline
Macrolides side effects - ANSQT prolongation
Clarithromycin and erythromycin - ANSPotent CYP450 3A5 inhibitors
Chlaymdia treatment - ANSPrimary therapy: Azithromycin 1 gram as a single dose
Chlaymdia symptoms females - ANSOften asymptomatic; mucopurulent vaginal discharge often adherent
to a friable cervix, dysuria, dyspareunia, postcoital bleeding
Chlaymdia screening - ANSAnnually for all sexually active females <25
Chlaymdia incubation period - ANS7 to 14 days
N. gonorrhoeae incubation period - ANS1 to 5 days
N. gonorrhoeae infection symptoms - ANSUsually asymptomatic; dysuria with milky to purulent,
occasionally blood-tinged discharge
,N. gonorrhoeae treatment - ANSCeftriaxone 250 mg IM + single dose azithromycin 1 gram PO
HSV-2 can infect - ANSGenitals and occasionally perioral area
Genital HSV symptoms - ANSPainful, ulcerated genital lesions, often accompanied by inguinal
lymphadenopathy; can be subclinical or asymptomatic
HSV-1 can infect - ANSPerioral area, very rarely infects genitals
HSV-2 is spread by - ANScontact with lesions, mucosal surfaces, genital secretions, oral secretions,
normal looking skin
Bacterial vaginosis - ANSincrease vaginal secretions; thin, gray, homogeneous discharge, burning, itching
Bacterial vaginosis on microscopic exam - ANSLow pH, clue cells, positive whiff test, few WBC
BV treatment - ANSmetronidazole or clindamycin
Vaginal yeast infection symptoms - ANSitching, burning, thick white-to-yellow adherent curd like
discharge, vulvovaginal excoriation, erythema
Vaginal yeast infection treatment - ANSFluconazole, azole antifungal vaginal cream
Vaginal yeast infection microscopic exam - ANSLow pH, hypahe, pseudohyphae, few WBC
PID - ANSLower abdominal pain, cervical motion or adnexal tenderness, dysuria, fever, vaginal discharge
Hemorrhagic cystitis symptoms - ANSLarge quantities of visible blood in the urine, dysuria,
Hemorrhagic cystitis causes - ANSBacterial, adenovirus, influenza virus
,Hemorrhagic cystitis vs. glomerulonephritis - ANSHemorrhagic cystitis does NOT cause hypertension or
acute renal failure
Acute pyelonephritis - ANSDysuria, fever, flank pain, CVA tenderness, acutely ill appearance, pyuria, GI
upset/vomiting
COC absolute contraindications - ANSCurrent breast cancer; <21 days postpartum; acute hepatitis;
hepatic adenoma; migraine with aura; major surgery with prolonged immobilization, age >35 and
smoking; uncontrolled HTN
PID outpatient treatment - ANSCeftriaxone IM + doxycycline +/- metronidazole for 2 weeks
Primary syphilis symptoms - ANSPainless genital ulcer with clean base and indurated margins (chancre),
LOCALIZED lymphadenopathy
Primary syphilis incubation period - ANS2 to 4 weeks after contact
Syphilis is most contagious during which stage - ANSSecondary syphilis
Secondary syphilis symptoms - ANSDiffuse rash involving palms and soles, GENERALIZED
lymphadenopathy, fever, malaise, arthralgias, myalgias, headache
Late or tertiary syphilis - ANSGumma (granulomatous lesions involving skin, mucous membranes, bone),
aortic insufficiency, aortic aneurysm, Argyll Robertson pupil, seizures
Argyll Robertson pupil - ANSNo reaction to light but does accommodate
Syphilis treatment - ANSPenicillin G or doxy
HIV screening - ANSAll patients aged 13 to 65 in all healthcare settings
, Presbyopia - ANSHardening of the lens causing close vision problems like reading small print; Normal
aging
Presbyopia risk factors - ANSTobacco use, poor nutrition, sun exposure, corticosteroid therapy
Open-angle glaucoma - ANSPainless gradual-onset of increased IOP resulting in loss of peripheral vision,
commonly seen in elderly patients
Macular degeneration - ANSLoss of central vision
Normal age-related vision changes - ANSPresbyopia, dulled color vision, difficulty seeing in the dark,
increased sensitivity to glare
Most important source of income for elders - ANSSocial Security
Populations with highest poverty rates among elders - ANSOld old (75 to 84), women living alone, certain
ethnic groups
Presbycusis - ANSDifficulty appreciating the content of a conversation in a noisy environment, person can
hear but cannot understand
Hyposmia - ANSDecline in sense of smell usually gradual due to neural degeneration
Senile cataracts - ANSProgressive vision diming, poor distance vision caused by lens clouding
Macular degeneration risk factors - ANSFemale of European descent, smoking, family history, sun
exposure
Macular degeneration ophthalmological exam - ANSYellow deposits on macular area
Limbus of the eye - ANSjunction between sclera and cornea
Pneumonia treatment for previously healthy, no risk factors for DRSP - ANSMacrolides OR doxycycline
Pneumonia treatment for comorbidities or DRSP risk - ANSRespiratory fluoroquinolone OR macrolide +
high dose amoxicillin/Augmentin/cephalosporin OR
doxycycline
Macrolides side effects - ANSQT prolongation
Clarithromycin and erythromycin - ANSPotent CYP450 3A5 inhibitors
Chlaymdia treatment - ANSPrimary therapy: Azithromycin 1 gram as a single dose
Chlaymdia symptoms females - ANSOften asymptomatic; mucopurulent vaginal discharge often adherent
to a friable cervix, dysuria, dyspareunia, postcoital bleeding
Chlaymdia screening - ANSAnnually for all sexually active females <25
Chlaymdia incubation period - ANS7 to 14 days
N. gonorrhoeae incubation period - ANS1 to 5 days
N. gonorrhoeae infection symptoms - ANSUsually asymptomatic; dysuria with milky to purulent,
occasionally blood-tinged discharge
,N. gonorrhoeae treatment - ANSCeftriaxone 250 mg IM + single dose azithromycin 1 gram PO
HSV-2 can infect - ANSGenitals and occasionally perioral area
Genital HSV symptoms - ANSPainful, ulcerated genital lesions, often accompanied by inguinal
lymphadenopathy; can be subclinical or asymptomatic
HSV-1 can infect - ANSPerioral area, very rarely infects genitals
HSV-2 is spread by - ANScontact with lesions, mucosal surfaces, genital secretions, oral secretions,
normal looking skin
Bacterial vaginosis - ANSincrease vaginal secretions; thin, gray, homogeneous discharge, burning, itching
Bacterial vaginosis on microscopic exam - ANSLow pH, clue cells, positive whiff test, few WBC
BV treatment - ANSmetronidazole or clindamycin
Vaginal yeast infection symptoms - ANSitching, burning, thick white-to-yellow adherent curd like
discharge, vulvovaginal excoriation, erythema
Vaginal yeast infection treatment - ANSFluconazole, azole antifungal vaginal cream
Vaginal yeast infection microscopic exam - ANSLow pH, hypahe, pseudohyphae, few WBC
PID - ANSLower abdominal pain, cervical motion or adnexal tenderness, dysuria, fever, vaginal discharge
Hemorrhagic cystitis symptoms - ANSLarge quantities of visible blood in the urine, dysuria,
Hemorrhagic cystitis causes - ANSBacterial, adenovirus, influenza virus
,Hemorrhagic cystitis vs. glomerulonephritis - ANSHemorrhagic cystitis does NOT cause hypertension or
acute renal failure
Acute pyelonephritis - ANSDysuria, fever, flank pain, CVA tenderness, acutely ill appearance, pyuria, GI
upset/vomiting
COC absolute contraindications - ANSCurrent breast cancer; <21 days postpartum; acute hepatitis;
hepatic adenoma; migraine with aura; major surgery with prolonged immobilization, age >35 and
smoking; uncontrolled HTN
PID outpatient treatment - ANSCeftriaxone IM + doxycycline +/- metronidazole for 2 weeks
Primary syphilis symptoms - ANSPainless genital ulcer with clean base and indurated margins (chancre),
LOCALIZED lymphadenopathy
Primary syphilis incubation period - ANS2 to 4 weeks after contact
Syphilis is most contagious during which stage - ANSSecondary syphilis
Secondary syphilis symptoms - ANSDiffuse rash involving palms and soles, GENERALIZED
lymphadenopathy, fever, malaise, arthralgias, myalgias, headache
Late or tertiary syphilis - ANSGumma (granulomatous lesions involving skin, mucous membranes, bone),
aortic insufficiency, aortic aneurysm, Argyll Robertson pupil, seizures
Argyll Robertson pupil - ANSNo reaction to light but does accommodate
Syphilis treatment - ANSPenicillin G or doxy
HIV screening - ANSAll patients aged 13 to 65 in all healthcare settings
, Presbyopia - ANSHardening of the lens causing close vision problems like reading small print; Normal
aging
Presbyopia risk factors - ANSTobacco use, poor nutrition, sun exposure, corticosteroid therapy
Open-angle glaucoma - ANSPainless gradual-onset of increased IOP resulting in loss of peripheral vision,
commonly seen in elderly patients
Macular degeneration - ANSLoss of central vision
Normal age-related vision changes - ANSPresbyopia, dulled color vision, difficulty seeing in the dark,
increased sensitivity to glare
Most important source of income for elders - ANSSocial Security
Populations with highest poverty rates among elders - ANSOld old (75 to 84), women living alone, certain
ethnic groups
Presbycusis - ANSDifficulty appreciating the content of a conversation in a noisy environment, person can
hear but cannot understand
Hyposmia - ANSDecline in sense of smell usually gradual due to neural degeneration
Senile cataracts - ANSProgressive vision diming, poor distance vision caused by lens clouding
Macular degeneration risk factors - ANSFemale of European descent, smoking, family history, sun
exposure
Macular degeneration ophthalmological exam - ANSYellow deposits on macular area
