Spce 611- Exam 1 (Mod 1-2) Questions
With Correct Detailed Answers.
ABA - ANSWER- scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that
reliably influence socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of
behavior change that takes practical advantage of those discoveries
** socially important behaviors
What are the three types of investigations in science? - ANSWER- 1. description
2. prediction
3. control
Description - ANSWER- collection of facts about observed events that can be
quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations
- suggests hypotheses or questions
Prediction - ANSWER- relative probability that when one event occurs, another event
will or will not occur
- based on repeated observations that reveal correlations
- no causal relationships can be interpreted
Control - ANSWER- highest level of scientific understanding
- functional relations can be derived
Functional Relation - ANSWER- specific change in one event (DV) can reliably be
produced by specific manipulations of another event (IV)
What are the six scientific attitudes? - ANSWER- 1. determinism
2. empiricism
3. experimentation
4. replication
5. parsimony
6. philosophic doubt
Determinism - ANSWER- presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in
which all phenomena occur as a result of other events
- assumption upon which science is predicated
- events do not just occur at will
- events are related in systematic ways
Empiricism - ANSWER- practice of objective observation of phenomena of interest
- what all scientific knowledge is built upon
, Experimentation - ANSWER- basic strategy in most sciences
Experiment - ANSWER- carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the
phenomenon of interest (DV) under two or more different conditions where only one
factor at a time (IV) differs
Replication - ANSWER- the repeating of experiments to determine the reliability and
usefulness of findings
- includes repetition of IV conditions
- methods where mistakes are discovered
Parsimony - ANSWER- the idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules out,
experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are
considered
- helps scientists fit findings within the field's existing knowledge base
Philosophic Doubt - ANSWER- the continual questioning of the truthfulness and validity
of all scientific theory and knowledge
- involves the use of scientific evidence before implementing a new practice
- constantly evaluates effectiveness of the practice after implementation
Science - ANSWER- a systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena
as evidenced by description, prediction, and control
- relies on:
determinism: fundamental assumption
empiricism: prime directive
experimentation: basic strategy
replication: requirement for believability
parsimony: conservative value
philosophic doubt: guiding conscience
What are the three branches of behavior analysis? - ANSWER- 1. behaviorism
2. experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
3. applied behavior analysis (ABA)
What are the four domains of behavior analytic science? - ANSWER- 1. behaviorism
2. experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
3. applied behavior analysis (ABA)
4. professional practice
Behaviorism - ANSWER- philosophy of the science of behavior
- theoretical and conceptual issues
Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB) - ANSWER- basic research
- Skinner
- experiments in lab settings with human and nonhuman subjects
With Correct Detailed Answers.
ABA - ANSWER- scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that
reliably influence socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of
behavior change that takes practical advantage of those discoveries
** socially important behaviors
What are the three types of investigations in science? - ANSWER- 1. description
2. prediction
3. control
Description - ANSWER- collection of facts about observed events that can be
quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations
- suggests hypotheses or questions
Prediction - ANSWER- relative probability that when one event occurs, another event
will or will not occur
- based on repeated observations that reveal correlations
- no causal relationships can be interpreted
Control - ANSWER- highest level of scientific understanding
- functional relations can be derived
Functional Relation - ANSWER- specific change in one event (DV) can reliably be
produced by specific manipulations of another event (IV)
What are the six scientific attitudes? - ANSWER- 1. determinism
2. empiricism
3. experimentation
4. replication
5. parsimony
6. philosophic doubt
Determinism - ANSWER- presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in
which all phenomena occur as a result of other events
- assumption upon which science is predicated
- events do not just occur at will
- events are related in systematic ways
Empiricism - ANSWER- practice of objective observation of phenomena of interest
- what all scientific knowledge is built upon
, Experimentation - ANSWER- basic strategy in most sciences
Experiment - ANSWER- carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the
phenomenon of interest (DV) under two or more different conditions where only one
factor at a time (IV) differs
Replication - ANSWER- the repeating of experiments to determine the reliability and
usefulness of findings
- includes repetition of IV conditions
- methods where mistakes are discovered
Parsimony - ANSWER- the idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules out,
experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are
considered
- helps scientists fit findings within the field's existing knowledge base
Philosophic Doubt - ANSWER- the continual questioning of the truthfulness and validity
of all scientific theory and knowledge
- involves the use of scientific evidence before implementing a new practice
- constantly evaluates effectiveness of the practice after implementation
Science - ANSWER- a systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena
as evidenced by description, prediction, and control
- relies on:
determinism: fundamental assumption
empiricism: prime directive
experimentation: basic strategy
replication: requirement for believability
parsimony: conservative value
philosophic doubt: guiding conscience
What are the three branches of behavior analysis? - ANSWER- 1. behaviorism
2. experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
3. applied behavior analysis (ABA)
What are the four domains of behavior analytic science? - ANSWER- 1. behaviorism
2. experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
3. applied behavior analysis (ABA)
4. professional practice
Behaviorism - ANSWER- philosophy of the science of behavior
- theoretical and conceptual issues
Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB) - ANSWER- basic research
- Skinner
- experiments in lab settings with human and nonhuman subjects
