ICLA STANDARD 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
affix is a prefix or suffix that alters the meaning or function of a root word.
The alphabetic principle states that each sound or phoneme in a language should
have its own pictorial representation.
Automaticity - ANSWER fluent processing of information when reading, needs
little or no effort, sight-word recognition
A closed syllable is one that ends with one or more consonants, such as had,
but, it, get, got, and operate; the vowel sound is usually short, CVC or VC.
Concepts of print - ANSWER the identification of written language standards;
left to right, top to bottom, the difference between a letter and a word,
punctuation, portions of a book
ANSWER spoken sound generated by partial or total closure of a portion of the
vocal tract, which obstructs air flow and generates friction, a letter or sound.
consonant blend - ANSWER in a syllable, a sequence of two or more
identifiable consonant sounds, before or after a vowel; blends can be initial or
final.
A consonant digraph is a combination of two consonant letters that indicate a
single speed sound, such as gn for /n/, gh for /f/, /ch/, ph for /f/, etc. It can be
final or initial.
decode - ANSWER to analyze verbal or pictorial symbols in a language to
determine their intended meaning.
, diphthong - an answer vowel sound created when the tongue glides from one
vowel to another, producing one sound; boy, round, oil.
Emergent literacy is the association of print with meaning that starts early in a
kid's life and lasts until the youngster reaches the stage of traditional reading
and writing.
Encoding is the process of converting a spoken message into symbols that may
then be written down.
explicit instruction - ANSWER instruction that is fully and clearly explained,
nothing suggested, teacher-directed, and frequently scripted.
ANSWER the plain, simple, written or spoken communication of thoughts, with
little or no effort in decoding.
Grapheme is a written representation of a phoneme, which might be a single
letter or a combination of letters.
ANSWER a word that appears very frequently in spoken or written language,
word lists.
Implicit instruction is ANSWER instruction that guides the student in making
generalizations.
morpheme - the smallest portion of a word that conveys meaning, such as book,
books, or bookish.
Morphology/structural analysis is the study of the structure and forms of words,
such as derivation, inflection, and compounding.
onset - ANSWER everything before the first vowel in the syllable, as in scream.
ANSWER is an open syllable that ends with a long vowel sound, such as he, be,
or become.
orthography is the study of the use of symbols in a writing system, which can be
any language.
ANSWERS
affix is a prefix or suffix that alters the meaning or function of a root word.
The alphabetic principle states that each sound or phoneme in a language should
have its own pictorial representation.
Automaticity - ANSWER fluent processing of information when reading, needs
little or no effort, sight-word recognition
A closed syllable is one that ends with one or more consonants, such as had,
but, it, get, got, and operate; the vowel sound is usually short, CVC or VC.
Concepts of print - ANSWER the identification of written language standards;
left to right, top to bottom, the difference between a letter and a word,
punctuation, portions of a book
ANSWER spoken sound generated by partial or total closure of a portion of the
vocal tract, which obstructs air flow and generates friction, a letter or sound.
consonant blend - ANSWER in a syllable, a sequence of two or more
identifiable consonant sounds, before or after a vowel; blends can be initial or
final.
A consonant digraph is a combination of two consonant letters that indicate a
single speed sound, such as gn for /n/, gh for /f/, /ch/, ph for /f/, etc. It can be
final or initial.
decode - ANSWER to analyze verbal or pictorial symbols in a language to
determine their intended meaning.
, diphthong - an answer vowel sound created when the tongue glides from one
vowel to another, producing one sound; boy, round, oil.
Emergent literacy is the association of print with meaning that starts early in a
kid's life and lasts until the youngster reaches the stage of traditional reading
and writing.
Encoding is the process of converting a spoken message into symbols that may
then be written down.
explicit instruction - ANSWER instruction that is fully and clearly explained,
nothing suggested, teacher-directed, and frequently scripted.
ANSWER the plain, simple, written or spoken communication of thoughts, with
little or no effort in decoding.
Grapheme is a written representation of a phoneme, which might be a single
letter or a combination of letters.
ANSWER a word that appears very frequently in spoken or written language,
word lists.
Implicit instruction is ANSWER instruction that guides the student in making
generalizations.
morpheme - the smallest portion of a word that conveys meaning, such as book,
books, or bookish.
Morphology/structural analysis is the study of the structure and forms of words,
such as derivation, inflection, and compounding.
onset - ANSWER everything before the first vowel in the syllable, as in scream.
ANSWER is an open syllable that ends with a long vowel sound, such as he, be,
or become.
orthography is the study of the use of symbols in a writing system, which can be
any language.
