RNSG 1430 exam 2 - functional ability and sensory perception Questions & Answers

Sensory Perception (S/P) - ANSWERSreactions to external stimuli which can be visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and gustatory. Sensory Perception - attribute - ANSWERScapacity to perform actual/required activities S/P antedecents - ANSWERS- developmental milestones - acquisitioned of skills -learning - perceived ability -integration of neural/endocrine/musculoskeletal capacity - metabolic manifestation to provide energy (Krebs cycle) S/P negative consequences - ANSWERS-further disability - increased dependence -increased use of Health Services -depression = stress S/P interrelated concepts - ANSWERS-immobility -coping -sensory perception -mobility -human development -cognition -gas exchange -nutrition -safety factors affecting S/P - ANSWERS-developmental considerations -culture -personality and lifestyle medication What are the 2 primary components of sensory perception? - ANSWERSSensation and perception or reception and perception. (S/P) where does the interpretation of sensory experience occur? - ANSWERScranial nerves - reticular activating system (RAS) - hypothalamus to medulla = arousal. (S/P) safety considerations for pts with sensory perception deficits? - ANSWERS-assess how the patient is coping then develop a care plan - are they able to compensate for the deficit? -Illness and hospitalization may threaten a patient's usual adaptive patterns and require new self-care abilities. Patients with evolving deficits will require assistance with coping and learning to compensate skillfully. (S/P) describe health promotion teaching to minimize risk of S/P deficits. - ANSWERS 3 examples of alterations of S/P - ANSWERS-sensory deficit: change in reception/perception -sensory deprivation: reduced sensory input (Int/ext) (due to illness, trauma, or isolation) -sensory overload: excessive sustained, and unmanageable multisensory stimulation eye injuries/conditions that are emergent and can lead to vision loss: - ANSWERS-corneal abrasion -penetrating/perforating trauma -retina detachment: caused by aging or eye injury (star fish image comparison) Macular Degeneration Definition - ANSWERSage-related central loss of vision that affects the macula of the eye 2 types of age related macular degeneration - ANSWERS1. exudative (wet): sudden visual loss due to leakage of fluid/blood due to abnormal vessel formation under retina 2. nonexudative (dry): most common, gradual blockage in retinal capillary arteries - macula becomes ischmemic and necrotid due to lack of retinal cells clinical manifestations of age-related MD (AMD) - ANSWERS-dry: pt have no symptoms, drusen - white stpots on eye. -wet:more damaging to the vision traight lines appear crooked and distorted or that letters in words appear broken.. decrease intensity or brightness of colors, overall haziness in overall vision Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pharmacological theory - ANSWERSno effective treatment for the dry AMD, wet:laser therapy to seal leaking blood vessels. occular injections - endothelial growth factor inhibitor, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab MD 3 assessments for alterations - ANSWERS Cataracts - ANSWERSclouding of the lens, opacity in the lens of an eye Cataracts - clinical manifestations - ANSWERSClouded, blurred or dim vision Increasing difficulty with vision at night Sensitivity to light and glare Need for brighter light for reading and other activities Seeing "halos" around lights Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription Fading or yellowing of colors Double vision in a single eye risk factors for cataracts? - ANSWERS-age-related Diabetes Excessive exposure to sunlight Smoking Obesity High blood pressure Previous eye injury or inflammation Previous eye surgery Prolonged use of corticosteroid medications: steroid use impairs immunity Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol